Neutrinos from failed supernovae at future water and liquid argon detectors
We discuss the diffuse flux of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos from cosmological failed supernovae, stars that collapse directly into a black hole with no explosion. This flux has a hotter energy spectrum compared to the flux from regular, neutron star-forming collapses and therefore it dominates the total diffuse flux from core collapses above 20–45 MeV of neutrino energy. Reflecting the features of the originally emitted neutrinos, the flux of νe and $$\bar{v}$$e at Earth is larger when the survival probability of these species is larger, and also when the equations of state of nuclear matter are stiffer. In the 19–29 MeV energy window, the flux from failed supernovae is substantial, ranging from ~7% to a dominant fraction of the total flux from all core collapses. It can be as large as Φ$$\bar{e}$$BH=0.38 s-1 cm-2 for $$\bar{v}$$e and as large as Φ$$\bar{e}$$BH=0.28 s-1 cm-2 for νe, normalized to a local rate of core collapses of Rcc(0)=10-4 yr-1 Mpc-3. In 5 years, a 0.45 Mt water Cherenkov detector should see ~5–65 events from failed supernovae, while up to ~160 events are expected for the same mass with Gadolinium added. A 0.1 Mt liquid argon experiment should record ~1–11 events. Signatures of neutrinos from failed supernovae are the enhancement of the total rates of events from core collapses (up to a factor of ~2) and the appearance of high energy tails in the event spectra.
- Research Organization:
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE SC OFFICE OF SCIENCE (SC)
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-98CH10886
- OSTI ID:
- 1052610
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-97163-2012-JA; PRVDAQ; R&D Project: PO-3
- Journal Information:
- Physical Review. D, Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol. 85, Issue 4; ISSN 1550-7998
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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