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  1. Pelletization with Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Metal Iodides: An Assessment of Long-Term Radioiodine Immobilization Options

    Oshiro, Jared M. ; Fujii Yamagata, Alessandra Lie ; Sharma, Saurabh Kumar ; ... - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
    Four promising iodine “getter” materials (Ag, Cu, Bi, and Sn) for radioiodine capture were assessed in their pure metal-iodide (MIx) pelletized forms to compare relative chemical durabilities. To study chemical durability, commercial MIx compounds of AgI, BiI3, BiOI, CuI, and SnI4 were converted to dense monolithic pellets using spark plasma sintering. Semidynamic leach testing in the form of modified ASTM C1308 tests was then performed on the pellets in two different forms including unmounted (as-pressed) specimens (i.e., “U”) and epoxy-mounted specimens (i.e., “M”) with polished surfaces. The chemical durability results and sample characterizations showed that three of the five MIxmore » compounds tested (i.e., AgI, CuI, and BiOI) displayed moderate to high leach resistances. Further, the remaining two MIx compounds (i.e., BiI3 and SnI4), which are both desirable iodine waste forms due to their high iodine loading capacities, readily decomposed during leach testing, indicated by crystallographic changes in the specimens as well as large amounts of iodine detected in the leachate solutions. The instabilities of BiI3 and SnI4 raise uncertainties for using the base metals/cations (i.e., Bi0/Bi3+ and Sn0/Sn4+, respectively) as viable getters for radioiodine capture due to likely poor waste form chemical durabilities after capture and consolidation into waste forms.« less

  2. Limits to Hole Mobility and Doping in Copper Iodide

    Willis, Joe ; Claes, Romain ; Zhou, Qi ; ... - Chemistry of Materials

  3. Copper iodide nanoparticles as a hole transport layer to CdTe photovoltaics: 5.5 % efficient back-illuminated bifacial CdTe solar cells

    Pokhrel, Dipendra ; Bastola, Ebin ; Khanal Subedi, Kamala ; ... - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
    We report the role of copper iodide (CuI) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) photovoltaics. These CuI NPs were prepared using solution processing at room temperature and used to fabricate monofacial and bifacial CdTe solar cells with different back contacts. Using CuI/Au as the back contact, the device efficiency reached to 14.8% with outstanding fill factor (FF) of 79.2%. Replacing the gold (Au) electrode with sputtered transparent indium tin oxide (ITO), a CuI/ITO back contact yielded photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.6% and 5.5% under front and back illumination respectively. Bifacial devices (CdTe/ITO) withoutmore » the CuI NP HTL have an efficiency of 7.0% and 1.0% for front and back illumination, respectively. For CuI/ITO, a current collection of 12.0 mAcm-2 was observed upon back illumination which significantly improved over an ITO-only back contact (5.0 mAcm-2). The PCE obtained from back illumination was enhanced when using CuI NPs as the HTL due to the reduced back barrier height, and improved back interface as determined by temperature dependent current vs. voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy analysis. The improvement in device performance of the bifacial configuration is a significant step forward toward realizing thin film photovoltaic modules which harvest energy incident on the rear of the module.« less
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