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Within the basis light-front quantization framework, we compute the masses and light-front wave functions of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b$ baryon and its isospin triplet counterparts ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_b^{+}$ , ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_b^0$ , and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_b^{-}$ using a light-front effective Hamiltonian in the leading Fock sector. These wave functions are obtained as eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian, which incorporates the one-gluon exchange interaction with fixed coupling and a three-dimensional confinement potential. With the quark masses and the couplings as adjustablemore » parameters, the computed masses are set within the experimental range. The resulting predictions for their electromagnetic properties align well with other theoretical calculations. Additionally, the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of these baryons are obtained for the first time, with gluon and sea quark distributions dynamically generated through QCD evolution of the valence quark PDFs. Published by the American Physical Society 2025« less

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Abstract We compute the gravitational form factorsA_i,D_iand$$$$ {\overline{c}}_i $$$$ ${\overline{c}}_i$ of the scalar Yukawa theory using both the light-cone and covariant perturbation theory at the one-loop level. The light-cone formalism provides a potential approach to access these form factors beyond the perturbative regime. However, unlike the covariant formulation, the Poincaré symmetry on the light cone is not manifest. In this work, we use perturbation theory as a benchmark to extract the gravitational form factors from the light-front energy-momentum tensor. By comparing results on and off the light cone, we identifyT⁺⁺,T^+a,T⁺⁻,T¹²as the “goodmore » currents” that are properly renormalized and can be used to extract the gravitational form factors.« less

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