358 Search Results

Real-time data filtering and selection—or trigger—systems at high-throughput scientific facilities such as the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider must process extremely high-rate data streams under stringent bandwidth, latency, and storage constraints. Yet these systems are typically designed as static, hand-tuned menus of selection criteria grounded in prior knowledge and simulation. In this work, we further explore the concept of a self-driving trigger, an autonomous data-filtering framework that reallocates resources and adjusts thresholds dynamically in real-time to optimize signal efficiency, rate stability, and computational cost as instrumentation and environmental conditions evolve. We introduce a benchmark ecosystem to emulate realistic collidermore » scenarios and demonstrate real-time optimization of a menu including canonical energy sum triggers as well as modern anomaly-detection algorithms that target non-standard event topologies using machine learning. Using simulated data streams and publicly available collision data from the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment, we demonstrate the capability to dynamically and automatically optimize trigger performance under specific cost objectives without manual retuning. Our adaptive strategy shifts trigger design from static menus with heuristic tuning to intelligent, automated, data-driven control, unlocking greater flexibility and discovery potential in future high-energy physics analyses.« less

A search for a Higgs boson produced in association with a W or Z boson and decaying via a soft unclustered energy pattern (SUEP) is presented. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1 collected between 2016 and 2018 at the LHC. Final states with a leptonic W or Z boson decay associated with a high multiplicity of low-momentum charged particles are explored for the first time. The results show no significant excess over the standard model background expectation. Limits are set on the production cross section of a Higgs boson that decaysmore » to a SUEP, for a range of parameters of the SUEP model. Material is provided to facilitate further interpretation of the results.« less

Anomaly detection methods used in a recent search for new phenomena by CMS at the CERN LHC are presented. The methods use machine learning to detect anomalous jets produced in the decay of new massive particles without depending on a specific theory model. The effectiveness of these approaches in enhancing sensitivity to various simulated signal samples is studied and compared using data collected in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13$${\,\textrm{TeV}}$$. In an example analysis, the capabilities of anomaly detection methods are further demonstrated by identifying large-radius jets consistent with Lorentz-boosted hadronically decaying top quarks in a model-agnostic framework.

Production fraction ratios of $B^{+}$ , $B^0$ , and $B_s^0$ mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ using a special dataset recorded in 2018 with high-rate triggers designed to collect an unbiased sample of $10^{10}$ $b$ hadrons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. These data allow the study of the open-charm decays of $B$ mesons ( $B_{\left(s\right)}\to \pi D_{more »}$ ( s ) ) where the $D$ meson decays into fully hadronic final states. By utilizing known branching fractions and precise theoretical calculations, production fraction ratios as functions of $B$ meson transverse momentum $\left(p_{\mathrm{T}}\right)$ and rapidity ( $y$ ) are measured using open-charm decays in the kinematic range of $8<p_{\mathrm{T}}<60\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\left|y\right|<2.25$ . In addition, the same dataset is used to measure the relative production fraction ratios with the charmonium decay channels [ $B_{\left(s\right)}\to XJ/\psi$ with $X$ indicating a $K^{+}$ , $K^{*}(892{)}^0$ , or $\varphi \left(1020\right)$ meson] where the $J/\psi$ meson decays into a pair of muons. The open-charm results are used to normalize the relative production fraction ratios obtained from the charmonium samples. Measurements of the ratios of branching fractions of $B$ meson decays to charmonium and open-charm final states are also reported, which will improve the world-average values of these ratios. Finally, we test isospin invariance in $B$ meson production in proton-proton collisions and observe that it holds within the experimental precision.« less

This analysis presents an observation of the photon-fusion production of W boson pairs using the CMS detector at the LHC. The total cross section of the W$$^{+}$$W$$^{−}$$ production in photon fusion is measured using proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$$^{−1}$$ collected with the CMS detector in 2016–2018 at a center-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV. Events are selected in the final state with one isolated electron and one isolated muon, and no additional tracks associated with the electron-muon production vertex. The total and fiducial production cross sections are $$ {643}_{-78}^{+82} $$ fb and $$ {3.96}_{-0.51}^{+0.53}more » $$ fb, respectively, in agreement with the standard model predictions of 631 ± 126 fb and 3.87 ± 0.77 fb. This agreement enables stringent constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings within a dimension-8 effective field theory framework.[graphic not available: see fulltext]« less

A search is performed for dark matter produced in association with bottom quarks and a pair of electrons or muons in data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to 138 fb$$^{−1}$$ of integrated luminosity of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. For the first time at the LHC, the associated production of a bottom quark-antiquark pair and a new heavy neutral Higgs boson (H) that subsequently decays into a leptonically decaying Z boson and a pseudoscalar (a) is explored. The latter acts as a dark matter mediator in the context of the two Higgsmore » doublet model plus a pseudoscalar (2HDM+a). Multivariate techniques that target a wide range of mass configurations for the H and a particles are used. The observations are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of cross section and branching fraction of the new particles, ranging from 10$$^{−2}$$ pb for an H mass of 400 GeV to 10$$^{−3}$$ pb for an H mass of 2000 GeV. Constraints on the parameter space of a benchmark 2HDM+a model are derived and compared with expectations in the context of cosmological predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]« less

A search for the pair production of heavy spin- $1/2$ or spin- $3/2$ resonances ( $t^{*}$ ) in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ is presented. Data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ are used. The analysis targets benchmark signal scenarios where one $t^{*}$ decays into a top quark ( $t$ ) and a photon ( $\gamma$ ), and the other into a $t$ quarkmore » and a gluon ( $g$ ), i.e., $pp\to t^{*}\overline{t^{*}}\to tt\gamma g$ . All-hadronic final states from the $t$ pair decay chain are selected using jet substructure techniques. The signal is probed as a function of the $t^{*}$ candidate mass, which is reconstructed using the photon and a top quark candidate jet. No significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is found. Observed (expected) upper limits on the signal cross section at 95% confidence level are set, excluding masses of spin- $1/2$ $t^{*}$ particles below 930 (930) GeV and spin- $3/2$ $t^{*}$ particles below 1330 (1390) GeV. This analysis marks the first search for heavy resonances in the $t\overline{t}\gamma g$ channel. Exploiting the high-energy photon to reduce the backgrounds, this search achieves sensitivity competitive with $pp\to t^{*}\overline{t^{*}}\to t\overline{t}gg$ searches for spin- $1/2$ $t^{*}$ despite the small expected $t^{*}\to t\gamma$ branching fraction.« less

The ratio between the B$$_\mathrm{c}^+$$$$\to$$ J/$$ψ$$$τ^+ν_τ$$ and B$$_\mathrm{c}^+$$$$\to$$ J/$$ψ$$$μ^+ν_μ$$ branching fractions is measured using a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in the years 2016$$-$$2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$$^{-1}$$. The J$/ψ$ meson is identified through its J$/ψ$$$$\to$$$$μ^+μ^-$ decay and the tau lepton is reconstructed in the hadronic three-prong final state. The measured ratio of branching fractions in this tau decay mode, $$\mathcal{R}^\text{had}_{\mathrm{J}/ψ}$$ = 1.04 $$_{-0.44}^{+0.50}$$, is combined with the previous analysis based on the $τ^+$$$$\to$$$$μ^+ν_μ\barν_τ$$ leptonic decay channel, leading to $$\mathcal{R}_{\mathrm{J}/ψ}$$ = 0.49 $$\pm$$ 0.26. Asmore » this result is consistent with the standard model prediction of 0.258 $$\pm$$ 0.004, no evidence of lepton flavor universality violation is found.« less

A novel anomaly detection algorithm is presented. The Wasserstein normalized autoencoder (WNAE) is a normalized probabilistic model that minimizes the Wasserstein distance between the learned probability distribution—a Boltzmann distribution where the energy is the reconstruction error of the autoencoder (AE)—and the distribution of the training data. This algorithm has been developed and applied to the identification of semivisible jets—conical sprays of visible standard model (SM) particles and invisible dark matter states—with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Trained on jets of particles from simulated SM processes, the WNAE is shown to learn the probability distribution of the input datamore » in a fully unsupervised fashion, such that it effectively identifies new physics jets as anomalies. The model exhibits stable, convergent training and recovers strong classification performance for a wide range of signals against the selected background process, for which a standard AE fails because of outlier reconstruction. In addition, the model improves upon standard normalized autoencoders while remaining fully agnostic to the signal. The WNAE directly tackles the problem of outlier reconstruction, a common failure mode of autoencoders in anomaly detection tasks.« less

The Higgs boson (H) decay width is determined from the ratio of off- and on-shell production of H $$\to$$ WW $$\to$$ e$νμν$ using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$$^{-1}$$ collected at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The off-shell signal strength is measured as $$μ_\text{off-shell}$$ = 1.2 $$^{+0.8}_{-0.7}$$. The Higgs boson total decay width is $$Γ_\text{H}$$ = 3.9 $$^{+2.7}_{-2.2}$$ MeV, in agreement with the standard model prediction. The uncertainty in this result represents a factor of three improvement over the previous CMS result in this decay channel.