Temperature and conductivity in shock compressed bridgmanite MgSiO3 up to 2 TPa

Huff, M. F.; Marshall, M. C.; Hansen, L. E.; Ozaki, N.; Suer, T.; Lin, Z.; Polsin, D. N.; Erskine, D. J.; Gonzalez-Cataldo, F.; Sato, T.; Katagiri, K.; Okuchi, T.; Fratanduono, D. E.; Sano, T.; Noda, M.; Inoue, T.; Irifune, T.; Shinmei, T.; Ohara, K.; Henderson, B. J.; Gong, X.; Sprowal, Z. K.; Seager, S.; Rygg, J. R.; Collins, G. W.

doi:10.1103/gl5b-prf4

Title: Temperature and conductivity in shock compressed bridgmanite MgSiO₃ up to 2 TPa

Journal Article · Mon Apr 06 00:00:00 UTC 2026 · Physical Review. B

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gl5b-prf4 · OSTI ID:3366840

^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[3];

^[1]; Erskine, D. J. ^[4];

^[5];

^[6]; Katagiri, K. ^[7];

^[8]; Fratanduono, D. E. ^[4]; Sano, T. ^[2];

^[6];

^[6]; Irifune, T. ^[9];

^[9];

^[10]; Henderson, B. J. ^[1] more »

Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)
Osaka Univ. (Japan)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Hiroshima Univ. (Japan)
Osaka Univ. (Japan); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
Ehime Univ., Matsuyama (Japan)
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JSRRI), Sayo (Japan)

The melting behavior and transport properties of MgSiO₃ at multi-megabar pressures remain poorly constrained despite their importance for high-pressure silicate physics. Here we report the first direct measurements of temperature and optical reflectivity in shock-compressed bridgmanite (MgSiO₃) using laser-driven decaying shock compression combined with velocimetry and optical pyrometry. Temperature and reflectivity data spanning approximately 4000–60 000 K were used to constrain the MgSiO₃ melting curve and to infer its electrical conductivity. We find that the MgSiO₃ melting curve becomes shallower than that of iron above 400 GPa, yielding lower melting temperatures in planetary mantles than predicted by several previous theoretical estimates. Across the solid-liquid transition, the inferred electrical conductivity increases significantly, reaching ∼2000 Ω cm⁻¹. These results provide experimental benchmarks for theoretical models of silicate melting and transport under extreme pressure-temperature conditions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0003856; NA0004144

OSTI ID:: 3366840

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-2020079; 2022-444, 2205, 3221

Journal Information:: Physical Review. B, Journal Name: Physical Review. B Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 113; ISSN 2469-9969; ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (52)

Phase transitions in MgSiO3 post-perovskite in super-Earth mantles Umemoto, Koichiro; Wentzcovitch, Renata M.; Wu, Shunqing Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 478 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.032	journal	November 2017
Hugoniot and released state of calcite above 200 GPa with implications for hypervelocity planetary impacts Umeda, Yuhei; Fukui, Keiya; Sekine, Toshimori Icarus, Vol. 377 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.114901	journal	May 2022
Direct shock wave loading of MgSiO3 perovskite to lower mantle conditions and its equation of state Deng, Liwei; Gong, Zizheng; Fei, Yingwei Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 170, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.07.043	journal	November 2008
Shock-compressed MgSiO ₃ glass, enstatite, olivine, and quartz: Optical emission, temperatures, and melting : SHOCK TEMPERATURE AND MELTING OF SILICATES Luo, Sheng-Nian; Akins, Joseph A.; Ahrens, Thomas J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 109, Issue B5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002860	journal	May 2004
Shock-induced melting of MgSiO ₃ perovskite and implications for melts in Earth's lowermost mantle Akins, Joseph A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020237	journal	January 2004
The MgSiO ₃ system at high pressure: Thermodynamic properties of perovskite, postperovskite, and melt from global inversion of shock and static compression data : MgSiO Mosenfelder, Jed L.; Asimow, Paul D.; Frost, Daniel J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 114, Issue B1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005900	journal	January 2009
The Principal Hugoniot of Forsterite to 950 GPa Root, Seth; Townsend, Joshua P.; Davies, Erik Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GL076931	journal	May 2018
Recreating Giants Impacts in the Laboratory: Shock Compression of Bridgmanite to 14 Mbar Millot, Marius; Zhang, Shuai; Fratanduono, Dayne E. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085476	journal	February 2020
Super‐Earth Internal Structures and Initial Thermal States Boujibar, A.; Driscoll, P.; Fei, Y. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 125, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE006124	journal	May 2020
The Principal Hugoniot of Iron‐Bearing Olivine to 1465 GPa Chidester, B. A.; Millot, M.; Townsend, J. P. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 48, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092471	journal	April 2021
Measurement of melting temperatures of some minerals under lower mantle pressures Shen, Guoyin; Lazor, Peter Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 100, Issue B9 https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB01864	journal	September 1995
Melting of enstatite (MgSiO ₃ ) from 10 to 16.5 GPa and the forsterite (Mg ₂ SiO ₄ )-majorite (MgSiO ₃ ) eutectic at 16.5 GPa: Implications for the origin of the mantle Presnall, D. C.; Gasparik, T. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, Issue B10 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB10p15771	journal	January 1990
Effects of pressure on the melting and polymorphism of enstatite, MgSiO ₃ Boyd, F. R.; England, J. L.; Davis, Brian T. C. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 69, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i010p02101	journal	May 1964
Electrical conductivity and magnetic dynamos in magma oceans of Super-Earths Soubiran, François; Militzer, Burkhard Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06432-6	journal	September 2018
A silicate dynamo in the early Earth Stixrude, Lars; Scipioni, Roberto; Desjarlais, Michael P. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14773-4	journal	February 2020
Melting and density of MgSiO3 determined by shock compression of bridgmanite to 1254GPa Fei, Yingwei; Seagle, Christopher T.; Townsend, Joshua P. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21170-y	journal	February 2021
Signatures of strong magnetization and a metal-poor atmosphere for a Neptune-sized exoplanet Ben-Jaffel, Lotfi; Ballester, Gilda E.; Muñoz, Antonio García Nature Astronomy, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01505-x	journal	December 2021
Experimental evidence for superionic water ice using shock compression Millot, Marius; Hamel, Sebastien; Rygg, J. Ryan Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0017-4	journal	February 2018
Rocky super-Earth interiors: Structure and internal dynamics of CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b Wagner, F. W.; Tosi, N.; Sohl, F. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 541 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201118441	journal	May 2012
Line-imaging velocimeter for shock diagnostics at the OMEGA laser facility Celliers, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Collins, G. W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1807008	journal	November 2004
Streaked optical pyrometer system for laser-driven shock-wave experiments on OMEGA Miller, J. E.; Boehly, T. R.; Melchior, A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2712189	journal	March 2007
Shock Hugoniot and temperature data for polystyrene obtained with quartz standard Ozaki, N.; Sano, T.; Ikoma, M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3152287	journal	June 2009
High-precision measurements of the equation of state of hydrocarbons at 1–10 Mbar using laser-driven shock waves Barrios, M. A.; Hicks, D. G.; Boehly, T. R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3358144	journal	May 2010
Analysis of laser shock experiments on precompressed samples using a quartz reference and application to warm dense hydrogen and helium Brygoo, Stephanie; Millot, Marius; Loubeyre, Paul Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935295	journal	November 2015
Absolute calibration of the OMEGA streaked optical pyrometer for temperature measurements of compressed materials Gregor, M. C.; Boni, R.; Sorce, A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4968023	journal	November 2016
Extension of the Hugoniot and analytical release model of α -quartz to 0.2–3 TPa Desjarlais, M. P.; Knudson, M. D.; Cochrane, K. R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991814	journal	July 2017
Thermal and pressure ionization in warm, dense MgSiO3 studied with first-principles computer simulations González-Cataldo, Felipe; Militzer, Burkhard SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2019: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0000793	conference	January 2020
Performance of and initial results from the OMEGA EP Laser System Meyerhofer, D. D.; Bromage, J.; Dorrer, C. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 244, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032010	journal	August 2010
Calibrating mixing-length theory for thermal convection in rocky planets Wagner, F. W.; Plesa, A-C; Rozel, A. B. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 217, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy543	journal	January 2019
Melting in super-earths Stixrude, Lars Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 372, Issue 2014 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0076	journal	April 2014
Hugoniot, sound velocity, and shock temperature of MgO to 2300 GPa McCoy, C. A.; Marshall, M. C.; Polsin, D. N. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.014106	journal	July 2019
Path integral Monte Carlo and density functional molecular dynamics simulations of warm dense MgSiO 3 González-Cataldo, Felipe; Soubiran, François; Peterson, Henry Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.024107	journal	January 2020
Shock-induced polymorphic transitions of PbF2 up to 1 TPa and their implications for the universal behavior of shocked AX2 compounds Liu, Xun; Gao, Chang; Mashimo, Tsutomu Physical Review B, Vol. 103, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.094106	journal	March 2021
Melting of MgSiO3 determined by machine learning potentials Deng, Jie; Niu, Haiyang; Hu, Junwei Physical Review B, Vol. 107, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.107.064103	journal	February 2023
Hugoniot and release measurements in diamond shocked up to 26 Mbar Gregor, M. C.; Fratanduono, D. E.; McCoy, C. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.144114	journal	April 2017
Thermodynamic properties of MgSiO 3 at super-Earth mantle conditions Fratanduono, D. E.; Millot, M.; Kraus, R. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.214105	journal	June 2018
First-principles equation of state database for warm dense matter computation Militzer, Burkhard; González-Cataldo, Felipe; Zhang, Shuai Physical Review E, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.103.013203	journal	January 2021
Insulator-to-Conducting Transition in Dense Fluid Helium Celliers, P. M.; Loubeyre, P.; Eggert, J. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.184503	journal	May 2010
Equation of State of CO 2 Shock Compressed to 1 TPa Crandall, L. E.; Rygg, J. R.; Spaulding, D. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.165701	journal	October 2020
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
High-Pressure Melting of MgSiO 3 Belonoshko, A. B.; Skorodumova, N. V.; Rosengren, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.195701	journal	May 2005
Dissociation of Liquid Silica at High Pressures and Temperatures Hicks, D. G.; Boehly, T. R.; Eggert, J. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.025502	journal	July 2006
Shock compression response of forsterite above 250 GPa Sekine, Toshimori; Ozaki, Norimasa; Miyanishi, Kohei Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600157	journal	August 2016
Phase Transformations and Metallization of Magnesium Oxide at High Pressure and Temperature McWilliams, R. S.; Spaulding, D. K.; Eggert, J. H. Science, Vol. 338, Issue 6112 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1229450	journal	November 2012
Shock compression of stishovite and melting of silica at planetary interior conditions Millot, M.; Dubrovinskaia, N.; ernok, A. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6220 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1261507	journal	January 2015
Melting of (Mg, Fe)SiO3-Perovskite to 625 Kilobars: Indication of a High Melting Temperature in the Lower Mantle Zerr, A.; Boehier, R. Science, Vol. 262, Issue 5133 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5133.553	journal	October 1993
Insulator-metal transition in dense fluid deuterium Celliers, Peter M.; Millot, Marius; Brygoo, Stephanie Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6403 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat0970	journal	August 2018
Measuring the melting curve of iron at super-Earth core conditions Kraus, Richard G.; Hemley, Russell J.; Ali, Suzanne J. Science, Vol. 375, Issue 6577 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm1472	journal	January 2022
Composition and State of the Core Hirose, Kei; Labrosse, Stéphane; Hernlund, John Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124007	journal	May 2013
Generation of New High-Pressure Conditions and Approachesto Material Science: toward Exploration of Unknown High-Pressure Materials Ozaki, Norimasa The Review of Laser Engineering, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.37.48	journal	January 2009
New Perspectives on the Exoplanet Radius Gap from a Mathematica Tool and Visualized Water Equation of State Zeng, Li; Jacobsen, Stein B.; Hyung, Eugenia The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3137	journal	December 2021
Interior and Gravity Field Models for Uranus Suggest a Mixed-composition Interior: Implications for the Uranus Orbiter and Probe Lin, Zifan; Seager, Sara; Weiss, Benjamin P. The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ada124	journal	January 2025

Similar Records

X-ray Raman scattering study of MgSiO₃ glass at high pressure: Implication for triclustered MgSiO₃ melt in Earth's mantle

Journal Article · Mon Feb 09 04:00:00 UTC 2015 · Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA · OSTI ID:1169993

Lee, Sung Keun; Lin, Jung-Fu; Cai, Yong Q.; +13 more

X-ray Raman scattering study of MgSiO₃ glass at high pressure: Implication for triclustered MgSiO₃ melt in Earth's mantle

Journal Article · Fri Jun 13 04:00:00 UTC 2008 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:1006629

Lee, Sung Keun; Lin, Jung-Fu; Cai, Yong Q; +13 more

Melting and density of MgSiO₃ determined by shock compression of bridgmanite to 1254GPa

Journal Article · Tue Feb 09 00:00:00 UTC 2021 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1772947

Fei, Yingwei; Seagle, Christopher T.; Townsend, Joshua P.; +5 more

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
High-energy-density plasmas
Phase transitions
Physics
Planetary magnetosphere
Planets & planetary systems

Title: Temperature and conductivity in shock compressed bridgmanite MgSiO3 up to 2 TPa

Citation Formats

References (52)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Temperature and conductivity in shock compressed bridgmanite MgSiO₃ up to 2 TPa