Long-Range Transverse-Momentum Correlations and Radial Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

Acharya, S.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Aglietta, L.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, S.; Ahn, S. U.; Ahuja, I.; Akbar, Z.; Akindinov, A.; Akishina, V.; Al-Turany, M.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfanda, H. M.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Ali, B.; Alici, A.; Alizadehvandchali, N.; Alkin, A.; Alme, J.; Alocco, G.; Alt, T.; Altamura, A. R.; Altsybeev, I.; Anaam, M. N.; Andrei, C.; Andreou, N.; Andronic, A.; Andronov, E.; Anguelov, V.; Antinori, F.; Antonioli, P.; Apadula, N.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arata, C.; Arcelli, S.; Arnaldi, R.; Arneiro, J. G. M. C. A.; Arsene, I. C.; Arslandok, M.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Averyanov, D.; Azmi, M. D.; Baba, H.; Badalà, A.; Bae, J.; Bae, Y.; Baek, Y. W.; Bai, X.; Bailhache, R.; Bailung, Y.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Balis, B.; Bangalia, S.; Banoo, Z.; Barbasova, V.; Barile, F.; Barioglio, L.; Barlou, M.; Barman, B.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barreau, E.; Barret, V.; Barreto, L.; Barth, K.; Bartsch, E.; Bastid, N.; Basu, S.; Batigne, G.; Battistini, D.; Batyunya, B.; Bauri, D.; Bazo Alba, J. L.; Bearden, I. G.; Becht, P.; Behera, D.; Belikov, I.; Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C.; Bellini, F.; Bellwied, R.; Belokurova, S.; Beltran, L. G. E.; Beltran, Y. A. V.; Bencedi, G.; Bensaoula, A.; Beole, S.; Berdnikov, Y.; Berdnikova, A.; Bergmann, L.; Bernardinis, L.; Betev, L.; Bhaduri, P. P.; Bhalla, T.; Bhasin, A.; Bhattacharjee, B.; Bhattarai, S.; Bianchi, L.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bigot, A. P.; Bilandzic, A.; Binoy, A.; Biro, G.; Biswas, S.; Bize, N.; Blau, D.; Blidaru, M. B.; Bluhme, N.; Blume, C.; Bock, F.; Bodova, T.; Bok, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bond, P. M.; Bonomi, G.; Borel, H.; Borissov, A.; Borquez Carcamo, A. G.; Botta, E.; Bouziani, Y. E. M.; Brandibur, D. C.; Bratrud, L.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bregant, M.; Broz, M.; Bruno, G. E.; Buchakchiev, V. D.; Buckland, M. D.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bufalino, S.; Buhler, P.; Burmasov, N.; Buthelezi, Z.; Bylinkin, A.; Bysiak, S. A.; Cabanillas Noris, J. C.; Cabrera, M. F. T.; Caines, H.; Caliva, A.; Calvo Villar, E.; Camacho, J. M. M.; Camerini, P.; Camerlingo, M. T.; Canedo, F. D. M.; Cannito, S.; Cantway, S. L.; Carabas, M.; Carnesecchi, F.; Carvalho, L. A. D.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castoldi, M.; Catalano, F.; Cattaruzzi, S.; Cerri, R.; Chakaberia, I.; Chakraborty, P.; Chandra, S.; Chapeland, S.; Chartier, M.; Chattopadhay, S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Cheshkov, C.; Chiappara, D.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chinu, F.; Chizzali, E. S.; Cho, J.; Cho, S.; Chochula, P.; Chochulska, Z. A.; Choudhury, D.; Choudhury, S.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Ciacco, M.; Cicalo, C.; Cimador, G.; Cindolo, F.; Ciupek, M. R.; Clai, G.; Colamaria, F.; Colburn, J. S.; Colella, D.; Colelli, A.; Colocci, M.; Concas, M.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa del Valle, Z.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Coquet, M. L.; Cortese, P.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Costanza, S.; Crochet, P.; Czarnynoga, M. M.; Dainese, A.; Dange, G.; Danisch, M. C.; Danu, A.; Das, P.; Das, S.; Dash, A. R.; Dash, S.; De Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; De Falco, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Marco, N.; De Martin, C.; De Pasquale, S.; Deb, R.; Del Grande, R.; Dello Stritto, L.; de Souza, G. G. A.; Dhankher, P.; Di Bari, D.; Di Costanzo, M.; Di Mauro, A.; Di Ruzza, B.; Diab, B.; Diaz, R. A.; Ding, Y.; Ditzel, J.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dmitrieva, U.; Dobrin, A.; Dönigus, B.; Dubinski, J. M.; Dubla, A.; Dupieux, P.; Dzalaiova, N.; Eder, T. M.; Ehlers, Raymond J.; Eisenhut, F.; Ejima, R.; Elia, D.; Erazmus, B.; Ercolessi, F.; Espagnon, B.; Eulisse, G.; Evans, D.; Evdokimov, S.; Fabbietti, L.; Faggin, M.; Faivre, J.; Fan, F.; Fan, W.; Fang, T.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferrandi, L.; Ferrer, M. B.; Ferrero, A.; Ferrero, C.; Ferretti, A.; Feuillard, V. J. G.; Filova, V.; Finogeev, D.; Fionda, F. M.; Flor, F.; Flores, A. N.; Foertsch, S.; Fokin, I.; Fokin, S.; Follo, U.; Forynski, R.; Fragiacomo, E.; Frajna, E.; Fribert, H.; Fuchs, U.; Funicello, N.; Furget, C.; Furs, A.; Fusayasu, T.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A. M.; Gahlaut, T.; Galvan, C. D.; Gami, S.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ganoti, P.; Garabatos, C.; Garcia, J. M.; García Chávez, T.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Garetti, S.; Gargiulo, C.; Gasik, P.; Gaur, H. M.; Gautam, A.; Gay Ducati, M. B.; Germain, M.; Gernhaeuser, R. A.; Ghosh, C.; Giacalone, M.; Gioachin, G.; Giri, S. K.; Giubellino, P.; Giubilato, P.; Glaenzer, A. M. C.; Glässel, P.; Glimos, E.; Gonzalez, V.; Gordeev, P.; Gorgon, M.; Goswami, K.; Gotovac, S.; Grabski, V.; Graczykowski, L. K.; Grecka, E.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, S.; Groettvik, O. S.; Grosa, F.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grosso, R.; Grund, D.; Grunwald, N. A.; Guernane, R.; Guilbaud, M.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gumprecht, J. K.; Gündem, T.; Gunji, T.; Guo, J.; Guo, W.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gupta, R.; Gwizdziel, K.; Gyulai, L.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haider, F. U.; Haidlova, S.; Haldar, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Han, Y.; Hanley, B. G.; Hannigan, R.; Hansen, J.; Harris, J. W.; Harton, A.; Hartung, M. V.; Hassan, H.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hauer, P.; Havener, L. B.; Hellbär, E.; Helstrup, H.; Hemmer, M.; Herman, T.; Hernandez, S. G.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, S.; Hetland, K. F.; Heybeck, B.; Hillemanns, H.; Hippolyte, B.; Hobus, I. P. M.; Hoffmann, F. W.; Hofman, B.; Horst, M.; Horzyk, A.; Hou, Y.; Hristov, P.; Huhn, P.; Huhta, L. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutson, A.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, M. C.; Ilkaev, R.; Inaba, M.; Ippolitov, M.; Isakov, A.; Isidori, T.; Islam, M. S.; Iurchenko, S.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iversen, K. E.; Jablonski, M.; Jacak, B.; Jacazio, N.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jadlovska, S.; Jadlovsky, J.; Jaelani, S.; Jahnke, C.; Jakubowska, M. J.; Janik, M. A.; Ji, S.; Jia, S.; Jiang, T.; Jimenez, A. A. P.; Jin, S.; Jonas, F.; Jones, D. M.; Jowett, J. M.; Jung, J.; Jung, M.; Junique, A.; Jusko, A.; Kaewjai, J.; Kalinak, P.; Kalweit, A.; Karasu Uysal, A.; Karatzenis, N.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Karwowska, M. J.; Kebschull, U.; Keil, M.; Ketzer, B.; Keul, J.; Khade, S. S.; Khan, A. M.; Khan, S.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Khatun, A.; Khuntia, A.; Khuranova, Z.; Kileng, B.; Kim, B.; Kim, C.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D.; Kim, E. J.; Kim, G.; Kim, H.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, S.; Kim, T.; Kimura, K.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, J.; Klein, Spencer; Klein-Bösing, C.; Kleiner, M.; Klemenz, T.; Kluge, A.; Kobdaj, C.; Kohara, R.; Kollegger, T.; Kondratyev, A.; Kondratyeva, N.; Konig, J.; Konigstorfer, S. A.; Konopka, P. J.; Kornakov, G.; Korwieser, M.; Koryciak, S. D.; Koster, C.; Kotliarov, A.; Kovacic, N.; Kovalenko, V.; Kowalski, M.; Kozhuharov, V.; Kozlov, G.; Králik, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Krcal, L.; Krivda, M.; Krizek, F.; Krizkova Gajdosova, K.; Krug, C.; Krüger, M.; Krupova, D. M.; Kryshen, E.; Kučera, V.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumaoka, T.; Kumar, D.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, N.; Kumar, S.; Kundu, S.; Kuo, M.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A. B.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kuskov, V.; Kutyla, M.; Kuznetsov, A.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Pointe, S. L.; La Rocca, P.; Lakrathok, A.; Lamanna, M.; Lambert, S.; Landou, A. R.; Langoy, R.; Larionov, P.; Laudi, E.; Lautner, L.; Laveaga, R. A. N.; Lavicka, R.; Lea, R.; Lee, H.; Legrand, I.; Legras, G.; Lejeune, A. M.; Lelek, T. M.; Lemmon, R. C.; León Monzón, I.; Lesch, M. M.; Lévai, P.; Li, M.; Li, P.; Li, X.; Liang-Gilman, B. E.; Lien, J.; Lietava, R.; Likmeta, I.; Lim, B.; Lim, H.; Lim, S. H.; Lin, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lippmann, C.; Liskova, D.; Liu, D. H.; Liu, J.; Liveraro, G. S. S.; Lofnes, I. M.; Loizides, C.; Lokos, S.; Lömker, J.; Lopez, X.; López Torres, E.; Lotteau, C.; Lu, P.; Lu, W.; Lu, Z.; Lugo, F. V.; Luo, J.; Luparello, G.; Johnson, M. A. T.; Ma, Y. G.; Mager, M.; Maire, A.; Majerz, E. M.; Makariev, M. V.; Malaev, M.; Malfattore, G.; Malik, N. M.; Malik, N.; Malik, S. K.; Mallick, D.; Mallick, N.; Mandaglio, G.; Mandal, S. K.; Manea, A.; Manko, V.; Manna, A. K.; Manso, F.; Mantzaridis, G.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Marcjan, R. W.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Markert, C.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez, M. I.; Martínez García, G.; Martins, M. P. P.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Massen, O.; Mastroserio, A.; Mattei, L.; Mattiazzo, S.; Matyja, A.; Mazzaschi, F.; Mazzilli, M.; Melikyan, Y.; Melo, M.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez, J. E. M.; Meninno, E.; Menon, A. S.; Menzel, M. W.; Meres, M.; Micheletti, L.; Mihai, D.; Mihaylov, D. L.; Mikalsen, A. U.; Mikhaylov, K.; Minafra, N.; Miśkowiec, D.; Modak, A.; Mohanty, B.; Khan, M. Mohisin; Molander, M. A.; Mondal, M. M.; Monira, S.; Mordasini, C.; Moreira De Godoy, D. A.; Morozov, I.; Morsch, A.; Mrnjavac, T.; Muccifora, V.; Muhuri, S.; Mulliri, A.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munzer, R. H.; Murakami, H.; Musa, L.; Musinsky, J.; Myrcha, J. W.; Naik, B.; Nambrath, A. I.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Nassirpour, A. F.; Nastase, V.; Nath, A.; Nathanson, N. F.; Nattrass, C.; Naumov, K.; Neagu, A.; Nellen, L.; Nepeivoda, R.; Nese, S.; Nicassio, N.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nielsen, E. G.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, V.; Noferini, F.; Noh, S.; Nomokonov, P.; Norman, J.; Novitzky, N.; Nystrand, J.; Ockleton, M. R.; Ogino, M.; Oh, S.; Ohlson, A.; Okorokov, V. A.; Oleniacz, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Otwinowski, J.; Oya, M.; Oyama, K.; Padhan, S.; Pagano, D.; Paić, G.; Paisano-Guzmán, S.; Palasciano, A.; Panasenko, I.; Panebianco, S.; Panigrahi, P.; Pantouvakis, C.; Park, H.; Park, J.; Park, S.; Parkkila, J. E.; Patley, Y.; Patra, R. N.; Paudel, P.; Paul, B.; Pei, H.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, X.; Pennisi, M.; Perciballi, S.; Peresunko, D.; Perez, G. M.; Pestov, Y.; Petrov, V.; Petrovici, M.; Piano, S.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Pinto, C.; Pisano, S.; Płoskoń, M.; Planinic, M.; Plociennik, D. K.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polichtchouk, B.; Politano, S.; Poljak, N.; Pop, A.; Porteboeuf-Houssais, S.; Pozos, I. Y.; Pradhan, K. K.; Prasad, S. K.; Prasad, S.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puccio, M.; Pucillo, S.; Quaglia, L.; Radhakrishnan, A. M. K.; Ragoni, S.; Rai, A.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramasubramanian, N.; Ramello, L.; Ramírez-Álvarez, C. O.; Rasa, M.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rath, R.; Rauch, M. P.; Ravasenga, I.; Read, K. F.; Reckziegel, C.; Redelbach, A. R.; Redlich, K.; Reetz, C. A.; Regules-Medel, H. D.; Rehman, A.; Reidt, F.; Reme-Ness, H. A.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, A.; Riabov, V.; Ricci, R.; Richter, M.; Riedel, A. A.; Riegler, W.; Riffero, A. G.; Rignanese, M.; Ripoli, C.; Ristea, C.; Rodriguez, M. V.; Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M.; 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doi:10.1103/l36g-6f46

Title: Long-Range Transverse-Momentum Correlations and Radial Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

Journal Article · Thu Jan 22 00:00:00 UTC 2026 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/l36g-6f46 · OSTI ID:3029520

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Technical University of Košice
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI
Suranaree University of Technology
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Yildiz Technical University
Jeonbuk National University
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Jeonbuk National University
Sejong University
California Polytechnic State University
University of Zagreb
Slovak Academy of Sciences; University of Birmingham
National Centre for Nuclear Research
University of South-Eastern Norway
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN)
Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI; University of Science and Technology of China
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN; INFN
Università di Messina; INFN
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
INFN; Università degli Studi di Foggia
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN; Université Clermont Auvergne
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
CERN; CERN
University of the Witwatersrand
Chungbuk National University
China University of Geosciences
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); INFN
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Creighton University
Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Tennessee
National Nuclear Research Center
Institute of Physics
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Technische Universität München
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
Nara Women’s University (NWU)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Universität Münster
Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN
Università di Messina; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); INFN
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Central China Normal University; Université Clermont Auvergne
Central China Normal University; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN
Central China Normal University; INFN

This Letter presents measurements of long-range transverse-momentum correlations using a new observable, 𝑣_0⁡(𝑝_T), serving as a probe of event-by-event radial-flow fluctuations, the underlying radial expansion, and the medium’s properties in heavy-ion collisions. Results are reported for inclusive charged particles, pions, kaons, and protons across various centrality intervals in Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{𝑠_{\textrm{NN}}}$$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the ALICE detector. A pseudorapidity-gap technique, similar to that used in anisotropic-flow studies, is employed to suppress short-range correlations. At low 𝑝_T, a characteristic mass ordering consistent with hydrodynamic collective flow is observed. At higher 𝑝_T (>3 GeV/𝑐), protons exhibit larger 𝑣₀⁡(𝑝_T) than pions and kaons, in agreement with expectations from quark-recombination models. Comparisons to viscous hydrodynamic calculations with varying bulk viscosity and equation of state demonstrate the sensitivity of the 𝑣₀⁡(𝑝_T) observable to these key medium properties. The findings establish 𝑣₀⁡(𝑝_T) as a valuable addition to the set of observables used in Bayesian analyses for extracting the transport properties and constraining the equation of state of strongly interacting matter, while also helping to systematically explore its sensitivity and impact within such global studies.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 3029520

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 136; ISSN 1079-7114; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Collective flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions Reisdorf, W.; Ritter, H. G. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663	journal	December 1997
Track Reconstruction in a High-Density Environment with ALICE Arslandok, Mesut; Hellbär, Ernst; Ivanov, Marian Particles, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/particles5010008	journal	March 2022

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