Assessment of diagenesis in archaeological human second metacarpal bones using the intensity of the small angle X-ray scattering D-period peak

Gardner, Laura Lynne; Abramovich, William; Romanov, Misha; Flohr, Stefan; Kierdorf, Uwe; Kierdorf, Horst; Almer, Jonathan D.; Jacobsen, Steven D.; Gonzalez, Gabriela B.; Park, J.-S.; Stock, Stuart R.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2024.0826

Title: Assessment of diagenesis in archaeological human second metacarpal bones using the intensity of the small angle X-ray scattering D-period peak

Journal Article · Wed Jun 25 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Interface (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0826 · OSTI ID:3021821

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Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
DePaul Univ., Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of Hildesheim (Germany)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Bone consists mainly of carbonated apatite (cAp) nanoplatelets embedded in a matrix of collagen fibrils. Earlier, high-energy small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of archaeological adult human second metacarpal bones (mc2) found collagen D-period peaks with high-intensity I_D in specimens in which microcomputed tomography (microCT) showed little diagenesis and I_D ~ 0 for specimens where microCT revealed severe diagenesis (Park et al. 2022 Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 32, 170–181 (doi:10.1002/oa.3053); Stock et al. 2022 Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 32, 120–131 (doi:10.1002/oa.3049)). Here, the present paper uses SAXS at beamline 1-ID, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory and other techniques to study a set of 10 mc2 from an early Medieval cemetery at Greding, Germany. We hypothesized that non-invasive measurement of I_D would provide an accurate and rapid (approx. 6 min/specimen) assessment of diagenesis in archaeological mc2. Results of Raman spectroscopy, laboratory microCT and backscattered electron, reflected light and polarized transmitted light microscopies confirmed the SAXS determinations, but lattice parameter values from X-ray diffraction were uncorrelated with I_D value. Age-at-death estimates placed the 10 mc2 in three age categories (young adult, middle adult, old adult): lattice parameters from X-ray diffraction were uncorrelated with age at death. Cross-sectional bone area fraction from microCT dropped noticeably for the older age cohort.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 3021821

Journal Information:: Interface (Online), Journal Name: Interface (Online) Journal Issue: 227 Vol. 22; ISSN 1742-5662

Publisher:: The Royal SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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