Identification of more than 40 gravitationally magnified stars in a galaxy at redshift 0.725

Journal Article · Mon Jan 06 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Nature Astronomy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02432-3 · OSTI ID:3014759

Fudamoto, Yoshinobu  ^[1]; Sun, Fengwu; Diego, Jose M.; Dai, Liang ; Oguri, Masamune ; Zitrin, Adi ; Zackrisson, Erik; Jauzac, Mathilde ; Lagattuta, David J.; Egami, Eiichi ; Iani, Edoardo; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Abe, Katsuya T.; Bauer, Franz Erik ; Bian, Fuyan; Bhatawdekar, Rachana ; Broadhurst, Thomas J.; Cai, Zheng ; Chen, Chian-Chou ; Chen, Wenlei ; Cohen, Seth H. ; Conselice, Christopher J.; Espada, Daniel ; Foo, Nicholas; Frye, Brenda L.; Fujimoto, Seiji ; Furtak, Lukas J. ; Golubchik, Miriam; Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang; Jolly, Jean-Baptiste ; Kawai, Hiroki ; Kelly, Patrick L.; Koekemoer, Anton M. ; Kohno, Kotaro ; Kokorev, Vasily; Li, Mingyu ; Li, Zihao ; Lin, Xiaojing; Magdis, Georgios E.; Meena, Ashish K. ; Niemiec, Anna ; Nabizadeh, Armin; Richard, Johan; Steinhardt, Charles L. ; Wu, Yunjing ; Zhu, Yongda ; Zou, Siwei

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1. Chiba University (Japan); University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States); et al.

Strong gravitational magnification enables the detection of faint background sources and allows researchers to resolve their internal structures and even identify individual stars in distant galaxies. Highly magnified individual stars are useful in various applications, including studies of stellar populations in distant galaxies and constraining dark matter structures in the lensing plane. However, these applications have been hampered by the small number of individual stars observed, as typically one or a few stars are identified from each distant galaxy. Here, we report the discovery of more than 40 microlensed stars in a single galaxy behind Abell 370 at redshift of 0.725 (dubbed ‘the Dragon arc’) when the Universe was half of its current age, using James Webb Space Telescope observations with the time-domain technique. These events were found near the expected lensing critical curves, suggesting that these are magnified stars that appear as transients from intracluster stellar microlenses. Through multi-wavelength photometry, we constrained their stellar types and found that many of them are consistent with red giants or supergiants magnified by factors of hundreds. Furthermore, this finding reveals a high occurrence of microlensing events in the Dragon arc and demonstrates that time-domain observations by the James Webb Space Telescope could lead to the possibility of conducting statistical studies of high-redshift stars.

• Research Organization: University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0025293
• OSTI ID: 3014759
• Journal Information: Nature Astronomy, Journal Name: Nature Astronomy Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 9; ISSN 2397-3366
• Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLCCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English