Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

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doi:10.1103/ldcn-r2lq

Title: Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

Journal Article · Thu Jan 22 00:00:00 UTC 2026 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ldcn-r2lq · OSTI ID:3014456

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Anisotropic flow and radial flow are two key probes of the expansion dynamics and properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). While anisotropic flow has been extensively studied, radial flow, which governs the system’s radial expansion, has received less attention. Notably, direct experimental evidence for the global and collective nature of radial flow fluctuations has been lacking. This Letter presents the first measurement of transverse momentum (𝑝_T) dependence of radial flow fluctuations (𝑣₀⁡(𝑝_T)) over 0.5 < 𝑝_T < 10 GeV and demonstrates its collective nature using a two-particle correlation method in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{𝑠_{NN}}$$ = 5.02 TeV. The data reveal three key features supporting the collective nature of radial flow: long-range correlation in pseudorapidity, factorization in 𝑝_T, and centrality-independent shape in 𝑝_T. The comparison with a hydrodynamic model demonstrates the sensitivity of 𝑣₀⁡(𝑝_T) to bulk viscosity, a crucial transport property of the QGP. These findings establish a new, powerful tool for probing collective dynamics and properties of the QGP.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY (United States); Stony Brook University, NY (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Organization:: ATLAS Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; FG02-03ER41244; SC0024602

OSTI ID:: 3014456

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 136; ISSN 1079-7114; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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