From Pure to Seawater Electrolysis: Unveiling the Impact of Ionic Species and Contaminants on Electrocatalysis

Parvin, Sahanaz; Aransiola, Emmanuel; Saini, Sonakshi; McDowell, Matthew T.; Lee, Seunghoon; Weber, Juliane; Wu, Yiqing; Li, Yuanyuan; Liu, Chang; Wu, Zili; Baltrusaitis, Jonas

doi:10.1021/acselectrochem.5c00381

Title: From Pure to Seawater Electrolysis: Unveiling the Impact of Ionic Species and Contaminants on Electrocatalysis

Journal Article · Fri Dec 19 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · ACS Electrochemistry

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acselectrochem.5c00381 · OSTI ID:3011974

Parvin, Sahanaz ^[1];

^[1]; Saini, Sonakshi ^[2];

^[2]; Lee, Seunghoon ^[3];

^[3]; Wu, Yiqing ^[3]; Li, Yuanyuan ^[3]; Liu, Chang ^[3];

^[3];

^[1]

Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States)
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Water electrolysis, including seawater splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen, stands as a promising approach for the efficient storage of intermittent energy. However, the half-reactions of water splitting, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), are known to be very sensitive toward the quality of water employed and are susceptible to contaminants originating from various sources, including the electrolyte or the electrodes. Those contaminants have a profound impact on the activity of these reactions of water splitting by modifying the electronic and physical structures of electrocatalysts as well as electrode–electrolyte interfaces. For seawater electrolysis, the unintentional presence of impurities, such as anions, cations, and organic compounds, affects the catalyst stability, selectivity, and activity. Despite the existence of numerous comprehensive reviews that delve into various aspects of catalysts and their structure–property relationships for several electrocatalytic reactions, the impact of contaminants has often been ignored. This critical review endeavors to address this issue by providing an overview of the diverse sources of contaminants influencing electrocatalytic water splitting and seawater splitting reactions, delineating the trends in electrochemical parameters and detailing different characterization methods for elucidating the physical and electronic changes of the electrode and electrolyte.

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Research Organization:: Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). Georgia Tech Research Institute; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0012577

OSTI ID:: 3011974

Journal Information:: ACS Electrochemistry, Journal Name: ACS Electrochemistry Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 2; ISSN 2997-0571

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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