Validation of 3D MHD simulations of Ne/D2 mixed shattered pellet injection in JET

Bonfiglio, Daniele; Hu, Di; Kong, Mengdi; Nardon, Eric; Artola, F. J.; Baylor, Larry R.; Boboc, Alexandru; Carvalho, P.; Gebhart III, Trey E.; Gerasimov, S. N.; Hawkes, Nick C.; Hoelzl, M.; Jachmich, Stefan; Lee, Sang-Jun; Lehnen, Michael; Lovell, Jack; Puglia, Paulo; Sheikh, Umar; Shiraki, Daisuke; Silburn, Scott; Stein-Lubrano, Ben; Sun, Hongjuan; Sweeney, Ryan; Szepesi, G.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ae2c09

Title: Validation of 3D MHD simulations of Ne/D₂ mixed shattered pellet injection in JET

Journal Article · Tue Dec 30 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae2c09 · OSTI ID:3011552

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Consorzio RFX, Padova (Italy); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Padova (Italy)
Beihang Univ., Beijing (China)
Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL) (Switzerland)
CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)
ITER Organization, St. Paul Lez Durance (France)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), Abingdon (United Kingdom)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens, MA (United States)

Nonlinear 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling of shattered pellet injection (SPI) in JET tokamak plasmas is performed with the JOREK code. The study focuses on the validation of simulation result with respect to experimental observations, addressing in particular figures of merit for the efficiency of the SPI, as a technique to mitigate thermal loads by injecting radiative impurities like neon during the thermal quench (TQ) phase of disruptions. A set of JET pulses with neon/deuterium atomic mixture ratio in the shattered pellet varying from 10% to 100% provides the experimental data to be compared with. Simulations using different models for the ablation of solid fragments and the radiation of neon impurities are considered. Synthetic diagnostics are employed for a direct quantitative comparison with key JET diagnostic systems providing in particular radiation, electron temperature and density, and magnetic measurements. 3D radiation structures from MHD simulations are analyzed to estimate the toroidal asymmetry of radiation, which is difficult to measure in JET due to the presence of only two toroidally displaced multi-channel bolometry systems. JOREK simulations show that, before the TQ, the bulk of the radiation is concentrated in a toroidal region enclosing the radiating fragments that is missed by both multi-channel bolometers, suggesting a possible underestimation of the total radiation by such diagnostic systems in the pre-TQ phase. On the other hand, JOREK predicts that during the TQ the radiation becomes more toroidally symmetric, with positive implications for the heat load to plasma facing components.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0014264

OSTI ID:: 3011552

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 66; ISSN 0029-5515; ISSN 1741-4326

Publisher:: IOP Science - IAEACopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Modelling of shattered pellet injection experiments on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak Patel, Ansh; Matsuyama, A.; Papp, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ade890	journal	July 2025
Non-linear MHD modeling of shattered pellet injection in ASDEX Upgrade Tang, W.; Hoelzl, M.; Lehnen, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adfce6	journal	September 2025
Coupling JOREK and STARWALL Codes for Non-linear Resistive-wall Simulations Hölzl, M.; Merkel, P.; Huysmans, G. T. A. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 401 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/401/1/012010	journal	December 2012
Transport Phenomena in a Completely Ionized Gas Spitzer, Lyman; Härm, Richard Physical Review, Vol. 89, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.89.977	journal	March 1953
Demonstration of Safe Termination of Megaampere Relativistic Electron Beams in Tokamaks Reux, Cédric; Paz-Soldan, Carlos; Aleynikov, Pavel Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.175001	journal	April 2021
Enhanced Material Assimilation in a Toroidal Plasma Using Mixed H2+Ne Pellet Injection and Implications to ITER Matsuyama, A.; Sakamoto, R.; Yasuhara, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.255001	journal	December 2022
Pellet Rocket Effect in Magnetic Confinement Fusion Plasmas Guth, Nico J.; Vallhagen, Oskar; Helander, Per Physical Review Letters, Vol. 134, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.035101	journal	January 2025
Experimental Pellet Shatter Thresholds and Analysis of Shatter Tube Ejecta for Disruption Mitigation Cryogenic Pellets Gebhart, T. E.; Baylor, L. R.; Meitner, S. J. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2019.2957968	journal	June 2020
Pellet Shattering Process for the Iter Disruption Mitigation System – Part II: Synthetic-Diagnostics-Based Fragment Tracking, Calibration, and Validation of Simulation Models Matura, Pascal; Signetti, Stefano; Moser, Stefan 2024 17th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium https://doi.org/10.1115/HVIS2024-063	conference	September 2024
Impurity radiation from a tokamak plasma Morozov, D. Kh.; Baronova, E. O.; Senichenkov, I. Yu. Plasma Physics Reports, Vol. 33, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063780X07110037	journal	November 2007

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