Anisotropic Flow in Fixed-Target 208Pb + 20Ne Collisions as a Probe of Quark-Gluon Plasma

Giacalone, Giuliano; Zhao, Wenbin; Bally, Benjamin; Shen, Shihang; Duguet, Thomas; Ebran, Jean-Paul; Elhatisari, Serdar; Frosini, Mikael; Lähde, Timo A.; Lee, Dean; Lu, Bing-Nan; Ma, Yuan-Zhuo; Meißner, Ulf-G.; Nijs, Govert; Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn; Plumberg, Christopher; Rodríguez, Tomás R.; Roth, Robert; van der Schee, Wilke; Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun; Somà, Vittorio

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.082301

Title: Anisotropic Flow in Fixed-Target ²⁰⁸Pb + ²⁰Ne Collisions as a Probe of Quark-Gluon Plasma

Journal Article · Wed Feb 26 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.082301 · OSTI ID:3011537

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Heidelberg Univ. (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Katholieke Univ. Leuven, Heverlee (Belgium)
Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saclay (France); Univ. Paris-Saclay (France)
Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University (Turkey)
CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing (China)
Univ. of Bonn (Germany); Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany); Beihang Univ. (China)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Pepperdine Univ., Malibu, CA (United States)
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
Technical Univ. of Darmstadt (Germany); Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF) (Germany)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Utrecht University (Netherlands); Nikhef Theory Group, Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

The System for Measuring Overlap with Gas (SMOG2) at the LHCb detector enables the study of fixed-target ion-ion collisions at relativistic energies ($$\sqrt{𝑠_{NN}}$$ ∼ 100 GeV in the center of mass). Here, with input from ab initio calculations of the structure of ¹⁶O and ²⁰Ne , we compute 3+1⁢D hydrodynamic predictions for the anisotropic flow of Pb+Ne and Pb+O collisions to be tested with upcoming LHCb data. This will allow the detailed study of quark-gluon plasma formation as well as experimental tests of the predicted nuclear shapes. Elliptic flow (𝑣₂) in Pb + Ne collisions is greatly enhanced compared to the Pb + O baseline due to the shape of ²⁰Ne , which is deformed in a bowling-pin geometry. Owing to the large ²⁰⁸Pb radius, this effect is seen in a broad centrality range, a unique feature of this collision configuration. Larger elliptic flow further enhances the quadrangular flow (𝑣₄) of Pb + Ne collisions via nonlinear coupling, and impacts the sign of the kurtosis of the elliptic flow vector distribution (𝑐₂⁡{4}). Exploiting the shape of ²⁰Ne proves thus an ideal method to investigate the formation of quark-gluon plasma in fixed-target experiments at LHCb, and demonstrates the power of System for Measuring Overlap with Gas as a tool to image nuclear ground states.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Wayne State University, Detroit, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of Energy; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0012704; SC0013365; SC0021969; SC0023175; SC0023658; SC0023861; SC0024586

OSTI ID:: 3011537

Report Number(s):: BNL--227516-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 134; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN 1079-7114

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Collective flow
Quark-gluon plasma
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collective flow
quark-gluon plasma
relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Title: Anisotropic Flow in Fixed-Target 208Pb + 20Ne Collisions as a Probe of Quark-Gluon Plasma

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Title: Anisotropic Flow in Fixed-Target ²⁰⁸Pb + ²⁰Ne Collisions as a Probe of Quark-Gluon Plasma