Global tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data

Albrecht, J.; Becker Tjus, J.; Behling, N.; Blazek, J.; Bleicher, M.; Boelhauve, J.; Cazon, L.; Conceição, R.; Dembinski, H.; Dietrich, L.; Ebr, J.; Ellbracht, J.; Engel, R.; Fedynitch, A.; Fieg, M.; Garzelli, M. V.; Gaudu, C.; Graziani, G.; Gutjahr, P.; Haungs, A.; Huege, T.; Hymon, K.; Hünnefeld, M.; Kampert, K.-H.; Kardum, L.; Kolk, L.; Korneeva, N.; Kröninger, K.; Maire, A.; Menjo, H.; Morejon, L.; Ostapchenko, S.; Paakkinen, P.; Pierog, T.; Plotko, P.; Prosekin, A.; Pyras, L.; Pöschl, T.; Rautenberg, J.; Reininghaus, M.; Rhode, W.; Riehn, F.; Roth, M.; Sandrock, A.; Sarcevic, I.; Schmelling, M.; Sigl, G.; Sjöstrand, T.; Soldin, D.; Unger, M.; Utheim, M.; Vícha, J.; Werner, K.; Windau, M. E.; Zhukov, V.

doi:10.1038/s42254-025-00897-3

Title: Global tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data

Journal Article · Tue Dec 16 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Nature Reviews Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-025-00897-3 · OSTI ID:3011274

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Ruhr Astroparticle and Plasma Physics Center (Germany); Technische Univ. of Dortmund (Germany); Lamarr Inst. for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (Germany)
Ruhr Astroparticle and Plasma Physics Center (Germany); Ruhr Univ., Bochum (Germany); Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg (Sweden)
Technische Univ. of Dortmund (Germany)
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Czech Republic)
Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Univ. of Lisbon (Portugal); Laboratório de Instrumentação e. Física Experimental de Partículas (Portugal)
Ruhr Astroparticle and Plasma Physics Center (Germany); Technische Univ. of Dortmund (Germany)
Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Univ. of Hamburg (Germany)
Univ. of Wuppertal (Germany)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) (Italy)
Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels (Belgium)
Univ. of Wuppertal (Germany); Ruhr Astroparticle and Plasma Physics Center (Germany)
Monash Univ., Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
University of Strasbourg (France)
Nagoya Univ. (Japan)
Univ. of Jyvaskyla (Finland); Univ. of Helsinki (Finland)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bamberg (Germany); Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Max Planck Inst. fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany)
Lund Univ. (Sweden)
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Univ. of Jyvaskyla (Finland)
Univ. of Nantes (France)
RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany)

In high-energy and astroparticle physics, event generators have an essential role, even in the simplest data analyses. Physical processes occurring in hadronic collisions are simulated within a Monte Carlo framework but a major challenge remains modelling of hadron dynamics at low momentum transfer, which includes the initial and final phases of every hadronic collision. Phenomenological models inspired by quantum chromodynamics used for these phases cannot guarantee completeness or correctness over the full phase space. These models usually include parameters which must be tuned to suitable experimental data. Until now, event generators have primarily been developed and tuned based on data from high-energy physics experiments at accelerators. However, in many cases, they have been found to not satisfactorily describe data from astroparticle experiments, which provide sensitivity especially to hadrons produced nearly parallel to the collision axis and cover centre-of-mass energies up to several hundred tera-electronvolts, well beyond those reached at colliders so far. Here, in this work, we address the complementarity of these two sets of data and present a roadmap for a unified tuning of event generators with accelerator-based and astroparticle data.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009913

OSTI ID:: 3011274

Journal Information:: Nature Reviews Physics, Journal Name: Nature Reviews Physics; ISSN 2522-5820

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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