Dark energy survey: Modeling strategy for multiprobe cluster cosmology and validation for the full six-year dataset

Journal Article · Thu Sep 18 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ynqj-6hsb · OSTI ID:3010005

To, Chun-Hao  ^[1]; Krause, Elisabeth ^[2]; Chang, Chihway ^[3]; Wu, Hao-Yi ^[4]; Wechsler, Risa H. ^[5]; Rozo, Eduardo ^[2]; Weinberg, David H. ^[6]; Anbajagane, D. ^[7]; Avila, S. ^[8]; Blazek, J. ^[9]; Bocquet, S. ^[10]; Costanzi, M. ^[11]; De Vicente, J. ^[8]; Elvin-Poole, J. ^[12]; Ferté, A. ^[13]; Grandis, S. ^[10]; Muir, J. ^[14]; Porredon, A. ^[15]; Samuroff, S. ^[16]; Sanchez, E. ^[8] ; Cid, D. Sanchez ^[17]; Sevilla-Noarbe, I. ^[8]; Weaverdyck, N. ^[18]; Abbott, T. M. C. ^[19]; Aguena, M. ^[20]; Andrade-Oliveira, F. ^[21]; Bacon, D. ^[22]; Becker, M. R. ^[23]; Brooks, D. ^[24]; Rosell, A. Carnero ^[25]; Carretero, J. ^[26]; Choi, A. ^[27]; da Costa, L. N. ^[20]; Pereira, M. E. S. ^[28]; Davis, T. M. ^[29]; Desai, S. ^[30]; Doel, P. ^[24]; Doux, C. ^[31]; Everett, S. ^[32]; Frieman, J. ^[33]; García-Bellido, J. ^[34]; Gatti, M. ^[7]; Gaztanaga, E. ^[35]; Giannini, G. ^[36]; Gruen, D. ^[10]; Gutierrez, G. ^[37]; Hinton, S. R. ^[29]; Hollowood, D. L. ^[38]; Honscheid, K. ^[39]; Jeltema, T. ^[38]; Kuehn, K. ^[40]; Lee, S. ^[32]; Marshall, J. L. ^[41]; Mena-Fernández, J. ^[42]; Miquel, R. ^[43]; Mohr, J. J. ^[44]; Myles, J. ^[45]; Palmese, A. ^[46]; Malagón, A. A. Plazas ^[47]; Romer, A. K. ^[48]; Shin, T. ^[49]; Smith, M. ^[50]; Suchyta, E. ^[51]; Tarle, G. ^[52]; Vikram, V.; Walker, A. R. ^[19]; Weller, J. ^[53]

---

1. University of Chicago
2. University of Arizona
3. University of Chicago; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics
4. Southern Methodist University
5. Stanford University; Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
6. The Ohio State University; Ohio State University
7. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics
8. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)
9. Northeastern University
10. University Observatory
11. University of Trieste; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
12. University of Waterloo
13. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
14. University of Cincinnati; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
15. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); Ruhr University Bochum
16. Northeastern University; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
17. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); University of Zürich
18. University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
19. NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory
20. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA
21. University of Zürich
22. University of Portsmouth
23. Argonne National Laboratory
24. University College London
25. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA; Universidad de La Laguna
26. The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
27. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
28. Universität Hamburg
29. University of Queensland
30. IIT Hyderabad
31. Université Grenoble Alpes
32. California Institute of Technology
33. University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics
34. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
35. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); University of Portsmouth; Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)
36. The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics
37. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
38. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics
39. The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University
40. Macquarie University; Lowell Observatory
41. Texas A&M University
42. LPSC Grenoble—53
43. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
44. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
45. Princeton University
46. Carnegie Mellon University
47. Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
48. University of Sussex
49. Stony Brook University
50. Lancaster University
51. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
52. University of Michigan
53. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; Universitäts-Sternwarte

Here, we introduce an updated To&Krause2021 model for joint analyses of cluster abundances and large-scale two-point correlations of weak lensing and galaxy and cluster clustering (termed CL+3×2 pt analysis) and validate that this model meets the systematic accuracy requirements of analyses with the statistical precision of the final Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 6 (Y6) dataset. The validation program consists of two distinct approaches, (i) identification of modeling and parametrization choices and impact studies using simulated analyses with each possible model misspecification and (ii) end-to-end validation using mock catalogs from customized Cardinal simulations that incorporate realistic galaxy populations and DES-Y6-specific galaxy and cluster selection and photometric redshift modeling, which are the key observational systematics. In combination, these validation tests indicate that the model presented here meets the accuracy requirements of DES-Y6 for CL+3×2 pt based on a large list of tests for known systematics. In addition, we also validate that the model is sufficient for several other data combinations: the CL+GC subset of this data vector (excluding galaxy–galaxy lensing and cosmic shear two-point statistics) and the CL+3×2 pt+BAO+SN (combination of CL+3×2 pt with the previously published Y6 DES baryonic acoustic oscillation and Y5 supernovae data).

• Research Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
• Grant/Contract Number: 89243024CSC000002; AC02-76SF00515; SC0009913; SC0020247; SC0021916
• OSTI ID: 3010005
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 112; ISSN 2470-0010; ISSN 2470-0029
• Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English