Impact of Galactic non-Gaussian foregrounds on CMB lensing measurements

Abril-Cabezas, Irene; Qu, Frank J.; Sherwin, Blake D.; van Engelen, Alexander; MacCrann, Niall; Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos; Darwish, Omar; Hill, J. Colin; Madhavacheril, Mathew S.; Sehgal, Neelima

doi:10.1103/jhmr-mg6w

Title: Impact of Galactic non-Gaussian foregrounds on CMB lensing measurements

Journal Article · Tue Jul 15 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jhmr-mg6w · OSTI ID:3008500

^[1]; Qu, Frank J. ^[2]; Sherwin, Blake D. ^[1];

^[3]; MacCrann, Niall ^[1];

^[4];

^[5];

^[6]; Madhavacheril, Mathew S. ^[7];

^[8]

Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom); Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom); Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (Chile)
Univ. of Geneva (Switzerland)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Weak gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has been established as a robust and powerful observable for precision cosmology. However, the impact of Galactic foregrounds, which has been studied less extensively than many other potential systematics, could in principle pose a problem for CMB lensing measurements. These foregrounds are inherently non-Gaussian and hence might mimic the characteristic signal that lensing estimators are designed to measure. We present an analysis that quantifies the level of contamination from Galactic dust in lensing measurements, focusing particularly on measurements with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Simons Observatory. We employ a whole suite of foreground models and study the contamination of lensing measurements with both individual frequency channels and multifrequency combinations. We test the sensitivity of different estimators to the level of foreground non-Gaussianity and the dependence on sky fraction and multipole range used. We find that Galactic foregrounds do not present a problem for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope experiment (the bias in the inferred CMB lensing power spectrum amplitude remains below 0.3σ). For Simons Observatory, not all foreground models remain below this threshold. Although our results are conservative upper limits, they suggest that further work on characterizing dust biases and determining the impact of mitigation methods is well motivated, especially for the largest sky fractions.

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Research Organization:: State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0025309

OSTI ID:: 3008500

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 112; ISSN 2470-0010; ISSN 2470-0029

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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ForSE: A GAN-based Algorithm for Extending CMB Foreground Models to Subdegree Angular Scales Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta; Puglisi, Giuseppe The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 911, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe71c	journal	April 2021
The Origin of Parity Violation in Polarized Dust Emission and Implications for Cosmic Birefringence Clark, S. E.; Kim, Chang-Goo; Hill, J. Colin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0e35	journal	September 2021
Full-sky, Arcminute-scale, 3D Models of Galactic Microwave Foreground Dust Emission Based on Filaments Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos; Huffenberger, Kevin M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 928, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac54b2	journal	March 2022
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and Its Implications for Structure Growth Qu, Frank J.; Sherwin, Blake D.; Madhavacheril, Mathew S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 962, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfe06	journal	February 2024
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters Madhavacheril, Mathew S.; Qu, Frank J.; Sherwin, Blake D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 962, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acff5f	journal	February 2024
Filamentary Dust Polarization and the Morphology of Neutral Hydrogen Structures Halal, George; Clark, Susan E.; Cukierman, Ari The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 961, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad06aa	journal	January 2024
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Mitigating the Impact of Extragalactic Foregrounds for the DR6 Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing Analysis MacCrann, Niall; Sherwin, Blake D.; Qu, Frank J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 966, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2610	journal	April 2024
THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: THE POLARIZATION-SENSITIVE ACTPol INSTRUMENT Thornton, R. J.; Ade, P. A. R.; Aiola, S. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 227, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/227/2/21	journal	December 2016

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