Comparative study between experimental measurements and model predictions of bubble rise velocity in molten LiCl-KCl

Journal Article · Thu Jul 17 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Nuclear Engineering and Design

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2025.114247 · OSTI ID:3002557

Orea, Daniel  ^[1]; Robb, Kevin  ^[1]; McFarlane, Joanna  ^[1]

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1. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

This research investigated the shape and rise velocities of gas bubbles (helium, nitrogen, argon, and krypton) in molten LiCl-KCl at 500 °C using a specialized optical visualization apparatus. The apparatus features a custom quartz rectangular prism cell housed in a furnace, enabling the application of the shadowgraph measurement technique. Bubbles with diameters between 0.45 and 3.2 mm were produced via a capillary, and their equivalent diameters and rise velocities were analyzed using high-resolution imaging and centroid tracking algorithms. Important non-dimensional parameters were calculated to characterize behavior. Bubbles with 0.03 < Eo < 1.32, 17 < Re < 718, and Mo order of 10^-11 were generated in the molten LiCl-KCl, revealing that bubbles with diameters less than 1.46 mm remain spherical, whereas those with larger diameters are ellipsoidal. The transition and oscillation onset for bubble shape occurred at larger diameters than those previously observed in air–water systems. Comparative analysis of the gas-molten salt data against existing air–water bubble rise velocity correlations highlighted inaccuracies in predictions, particularly across the different bubble regimes. An existing correlation was calibrated to the molten salt data to improve the bubble velocity predictions. In conclusion, this study contributes essential experimental data for the design and safety evaluation of molten salt reactors and offers insights for the optimization of sparge systems for fission product removal.

• Research Organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC05-00OR22725
• OSTI ID: 3002557
• Journal Information: Nuclear Engineering and Design, Journal Name: Nuclear Engineering and Design Vol. 443; ISSN 0029-5493
• Publisher: ElsevierCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English