Fine-scale vegetation composition and structure shape spatiotemporal variation in surface albedo across a low Arctic tundra landscape

Shuman, Ian N. C.; Serbin, Shawn P.; Erb, Angela M.; Schaaf, Crystal B.; Yang, Daryl

doi:10.1088/2752-664X/ae04ef

Title: Fine-scale vegetation composition and structure shape spatiotemporal variation in surface albedo across a low Arctic tundra landscape

Journal Article · Fri Oct 10 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Environmental Research: Ecology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-664X/ae04ef · OSTI ID:3002505

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Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The unprecedented rate of warming in the Arctic is driving changes in the structure and composition of tundra vegetation. Increases in deciduous tall shrub cover, height, and density are of particular concern, as these changes alter local surface albedo in ways that could amplify effects on the regional surface energy budget (SEB). Despite this importance, significant uncertainties remain in understanding the interplay between fine-scale vegetation patterns and emergent albedo dynamics across space and time. Here, we address these uncertainties by (1) quantifying spatiotemporal variation in surface shortwave albedo and (2) determining the relative influence of fine-scale vegetation composition, structure, and environmental conditions on albedo across a representative low-Arctic tundra landscape on Alaska’s Seward Peninsula. To do this, we synthesized multi-scale, multi-platform remote sensing observations, including a novel Landsat-derived albedo time series, a fine-scale map of Arctic plant functional type (PFT) fractional cover, and airborne LiDAR estimates of canopy height and topography. We show that there are substantial reductions in winter albedo for pixels dominated by tall, woody PFTs (28.13%) relative to pixels dominated by non-woody vegetation, but almost no change in summer albedo (3% increase). Further, we identified a unimodal trend in the relationship between canopy height and the timing of the springtime transition from high (snowy) to low (leafy) albedo (peak at 5.5 m), possibly because of competing ‘snow-fence’ and ‘protrusion’ snow-shrub interactions. To explore the primary drivers of albedo, we constructed a random forest model and found that canopy height and the fractional cover of woody PFTs were as- or more important predictors of winter albedo than topographic features. These findings provide strong evidence for the impacts of local vegetation characteristics on regional surface albedo, highlighting the need for better quantification of snow-shrub interactions to accurately predict the Arctic’s SEB under future environmental change.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USGS

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 3002505

Journal Information:: Environmental Research: Ecology, Journal Name: Environmental Research: Ecology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 4; ISSN 2752-664X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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