Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

Haque, Sinorul; Mandal, Indrajeet; Jayanthi, Kumar; Pal, Prabir; Sen, Prince; Pradhan, Bijay Laxmi; Dey, Krishna K.; Ghosh, Manasi; Gosvami, Nitya Nand; Krishnan, N. M. Anoop; Wasim Raja, Mir; Allu, Amarnath R.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04789

Title: Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

Journal Article · Thu Aug 28 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. B

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04789 · OSTI ID:3001776

Haque, Sinorul ^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[1]; Sen, Prince ^[4]; Pradhan, Bijay Laxmi ^[5]; Dey, Krishna K. ^[4];

^[5];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]

National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), Kolkata (India); National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), Ghaziabad (India)
Indian Inst. of Technology (IIT), New Dehli (India)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Dr. Harisingh Gour Central Univ., Sagar (India)
Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi (India)

Aqueous rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (ARNIBs) are emerging as cost-effective and safe candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. However, their advancement has been constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of conventional aqueous electrolytes (1.23 V). Here, in this study, we present a transformative approach using an inexpensive and rapidly dissolvable inorganic glass material, water glass (W-glass), to significantly enhance the ESW and enable the development of solid-state, self-supporting aqueous film (SSA film) electrolytes. These SSA film electrolytes exhibit an extended ESW of up to 3.5 V and a conductivity of ∼10^–4 S/cm at room temperature. Structural analysis using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution-state NMR reveals that the dissolution of W-glass in water is driven by the interdependent hydrolysis of P–O–P linkages and Na⁺–H⁺ ion exchange. This work offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for advancing high-performance ARNIB technology, addressing critical barriers to commercial adoption.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 3001776

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Journal Issue: 36 Vol. 129; ISSN 1520-6106; ISSN 1520-5207

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Water-In-Glass: A Self-Supporting Inorganic Aqueous Electrolyte

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