Engineering 2‐Pyrone‐4,6‐Dicarboxylic Acid Production Reveals Metabolic Plasticity of Poplar

Dwivedi, Nidhi; Ji, Pingping; Tian, Yang; Kaur, Dasmeet; Vulavala, Vijaya Kumar Reddy; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Eudes, Aymerick; Liu, Chang‐Jun

doi:10.1111/pbi.70414

Title: Engineering 2‐Pyrone‐4,6‐Dicarboxylic Acid Production Reveals Metabolic Plasticity of Poplar

Journal Article · Thu Oct 23 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Plant Biotechnology Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70414 · OSTI ID:3001648

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^[2]; Tian, Yang ^[3]; Kaur, Dasmeet ^[4]; Vulavala, Vijaya Kumar Reddy ^[4];

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Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States)
Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Woody biomass is a promising source of fermentable sugars for biofuels and bio-based chemicals, but its industrial use is limited by the costly biorefinery process. A viable strategy to reduce costs involves enhancing both biomass processability and the generation of high-value co-products. Here, we report the implementation of a synthetic metabolic pathway in Populus tremula × P. alba to produce 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a key building block for biodegradable plastics and high-performance materials. This artificial pathway—comprising microbial genes AroG, QsuB, PmdA, PmdB, and PmdC—enabled de novo PDC production in the stems of transgenic poplar. Pathway expression also induced substantial metabolic reprogramming and altered cell wall composition. These include the hyperaccumulation of simple phenolics like protocatechuic acid (PCA) and vanillic acid (VA), alongside reduced levels of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. A large portion of VA was ester-linked to cell wall lignin, while PCA was incorporated into the lignin backbone, forming novel benzodioxane units; concurrently, lignin in transgenic plants exhibited a drastic reduction in guaiacyl- and syringyl-units, with a notable increase in p-hydroxyphenyl-units. Hemicellulose content, particularly xylan, was also significantly increased. Moreover, expression of the PDC-pathway led to the formation of novel VA-derived suberin aromatics, enhancing suberization in bark and roots and improving salt stress tolerance. These changes led to improved saccharification efficiency, with up to 25% more glucose and 2.5 times xylose released from woody biomass. These results demonstrate the metabolic flexibility of poplar and highlight its potential for engineering cost-effective, stress-resilient bioenergy crops with enhanced biorefinery traits.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); US Department of Energy; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23), Biological Systems Science Division (SC-23.2 )

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 3001648

Report Number(s):: BNL--229124-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Name: Plant Biotechnology Journal Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 24; ISSN 1467-7644; ISSN 1467-7652

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

2-pyrone-4
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
6-dicarboxylic acid
lignin
poplar
protocatechuic acid
saccharification
suberin
vanillic acid
wall-bound phenolics

Title: Engineering 2‐Pyrone‐4,6‐Dicarboxylic Acid Production Reveals Metabolic Plasticity of Poplar

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