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Title: Additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites

Journal Article · · Materials & Design
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  2. Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Although Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are superior to most sought-after metallic alloys, their challenging fabricability has limited their widespread use in bulk-form applications. Among the many advanced fabrication techniques, Additive Manufacturing (AM), owing to its unique capabilities to produce near-net shapes, has drawn significant traction in the past two decades, especially for materials that are difficult to process using traditional methods. However, unlike pure metal/alloy systems, MMCs are highly sensitive to the processing conditions prevailing in AM techniques due to factors such as the high melting point of reinforcement particles and the potential for in-situ reactions. Therefore, it may be a while before metal matrix composites are commercially produced via AM. This review will discuss the current state-of-the-art design, fabricability, and performance of various additively manufactured MMCs. A particular focus will be on microstructural evolution and microstructure-property relationships. The most employed AM techniques, such as directed energy deposition, powder bed fusion, binder jetting, sheet lamination, and solid-state friction stir processing, are fundamentally different in terms of thermo-kinetics, forming the perspective for this review. A detailed comparison of microstructural evolution and process parameter optimization, including feedstock preparation methods and the role of machine learning and modeling among the different AM processes, is also presented. Finally, a critical evaluation of emerging AM technologies for MMCs is also provided, highlighting their potential advantages and challenges.

Research Organization:
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830; AC07-05ID14517
OSTI ID:
2587269
Report Number(s):
INL/JOU-24-77351-Rev000; PNNL-SA-196895
Journal Information:
Materials & Design, Journal Name: Materials & Design Vol. 252; ISSN 0264-1275
Publisher:
Elsevier BVCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Microstructural study of MMC layers produced by combining wire and coaxial WC powder feeding in laser direct metal deposition journal March 2016
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of the influence of process parameters on gas-powder flow in laser metal deposition journal May 2020
Refined microstructure and enhanced wear resistance of titanium matrix composites produced by selective laser melting journal February 2021
A comparative study of tungsten carbide and carbon nanotubes reinforced Inconel 625 composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding journal August 2021
Laser powder bed fusion of Inconel 718-based composites: Effect of TiB2 content on microstructure and mechanical performance journal December 2023
A review study on metal powder materials and processing parameters in Laser Metal Deposition journal March 2024
Ni-based Metal Matrix Composite Functionally Graded Coatings journal January 2012
In-Situ Formation of Titanium Boride and Titanium Carbide by Selective Laser Melting journal January 2012
Corrosion Resistance of Laser Produced in-situ Particle Reinforced Fe-matrix Composite Coating with High Nickel Content on Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron journal January 2013
Generalized bond-energy model for cohesive energy of small metallic particles journal October 2007
Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties journal March 2018
Binder jet 3D printing—Process parameters, materials, properties, modeling, and challenges journal June 2020
Synthesis and characterisation of advanced ball-milled Al-Al2O3 nanocomposites for selective laser melting journal September 2016
A review of powder additive manufacturing processes for metallic biomaterials journal March 2018
A comparative study of Ti-6Al-4V powders for additive manufacturing by gas atomization, plasma rotating electrode process and plasma atomization journal June 2018
Effect of particle size distribution on the flowability of plasma atomized Ti-6Al-4V powders journal November 2021
Tracking of Marangoni driven motion during laser powder bed fusion journal July 2023
Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing – A Hybrid Production Process for Novel Functional Products journal January 2013
Cost Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing journal January 2017
Enhanced diffusion and phase transformations during ultrasonic welding of zinc and aluminum journal May 2005
Effect of SiC particles on the laser sintering of Al–7Si–0.3Mg alloy journal July 2008
Bonding characteristics during very high power ultrasonic additive manufacturing of copper journal April 2010
Rapid in situ fabrication of Fe/SiC bulk nanocomposites by selective laser melting directly from a mixed powder of microsized Fe and SiC journal March 2014
Rapid fabrication of Al-based bulk-form nanocomposites with novel reinforcement and enhanced performance by selective laser melting journal February 2015
Microstructure and texture evolution in aluminum and commercially pure titanium dissimilar welds fabricated using ultrasonic additive manufacturing journal May 2016
Additive manufacturing of near-net-shape bonded magnets: Prospects and challenges journal July 2017
Non-beam-based metal additive manufacturing enabled by additive friction stir deposition journal August 2018
In situ reactions during direct laser deposition of Ti-B4C composites journal July 2020
Multiphase polymorphic nanoparticles reinforced titanium matrix composite produced by selective electron beam melting of a prealloyed composite powder journal July 2021
Hierarchical phase evolution during direct laser deposition of an in-situ Ni-NbC composite journal March 2023
Characteristics of electrodeposited cobalt and titania nano-reinforced cobalt composite coatings journal October 2013
Frictional and wear properties of cobalt/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films formed by electrodeposition journal November 2013
Selective laser melting of in-situ Al4SiC4 + SiC hybrid reinforced Al matrix composites: Influence of starting SiC particle size journal June 2015
Cobalt/graphene electrodeposits: Characteristics, tribological behavior, and corrosion properties journal March 2020
Analysis of stir die cast Al–SiC composite brake drums based on coefficient of friction journal July 2012
Mechanical properties and tribological behavior of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with in-situ AlB2 particles journal June 2016
High-temperature wear and friction behavior of Co matrix composites reinforced by MoSi2 over a wide temperature range journal November 2023
Microstructure and wear properties of selective laser melted WC reinforced 18Ni-300 steel matrix composite journal August 2018
Densification behavior, microstructure evolution and fretting wear performance of in-situ hybrid strengthened Ti-based composite by laser powder-bed fusion journal February 2019
The investigation on the fabrication and microstructure of NbTi-(NbTi)C Fe-based composite journal October 2019
Effect of reinforcement type, size, and volume fraction on the tribological behavior of Fe matrix composites at high sliding speed conditions journal January 2014
Thermo-mechanical improvement of Inconel 718 using ex situ boron nitride-reinforced composites processed by laser powder bed fusion journal October 2017
Ceramic-reinforced HEA matrix composites exhibiting an excellent combination of mechanical properties journal December 2022
Review on Plasma Atomizer Technology for Metal Powder journal January 2019
Development and Characterization of Boron-Nitride Reinforced Nickel Matrix Composites journal January 2023
Heat transfer and material flow during laser assisted multi-layer additive manufacturing journal September 2014
A review on recent developments in binder jetting metal additive manufacturing: materials and process characteristics journal September 2019
Effect of multiple oxides on the mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy matrix composites journal March 2021
The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing journal March 2016
Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review journal March 2016
The state-of-the-art of wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) as an additive manufacturing process for large metallic component manufacture journal January 2023
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Titanium Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by Powder Metallurgy—A Review journal August 2014
Friction stir-based additive manufacturing journal January 2022
Additive friction stir deposition: a deformation processing route to metal additive manufacturing journal November 2020
Compositive role of TiB 2 in microstructure optimization and wear-resistant improvement of selective-laser-melted TiB2 p /CrCoFeNiMn high-entropy composite journal October 2023
A review of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminium Composite, Process, Classification, Advantages, Challenges, and Application journal August 2021
Porosity evolution in additively manufactured aluminium alloy during high temperature exposure journal January 2017
A comprehensive review of ultrasonic additive manufacturing journal November 2019
Review of recent trends in ultrasonic additive manufacturing: current challenges and future prospects journal January 2023
A review of slicing methods for directed energy deposition based additive manufacturing journal October 2018
Three-Dimensional Printing of Ti3SiC2-Based Ceramics: Rapid Communications of the American Ceramic Society journal February 2011
Minimizing Defects Between Adjacent Foils in Ultrasonically Consolidated Parts journal November 2009
Densification and Properties of 420 Stainless Steel Produced by Three-Dimensional Printing With Addition of Si3N4 Powder journal October 2009
Binder Jetting and Infiltration of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites journal February 2022
Additive Friction Stir Deposition for Fabrication of Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composites
  • Garcia, David; Griffiths, R. Joey; Yu, Hang Z.
  • Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Advanced Materials Manufacturing; Biomanufacturing; Life Cycle Engineering; Manufacturing Equipment and Automation https://doi.org/10.1115/MSEC2020-8532
conference September 2020
CORROSION, WEAR AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LAMINATED Al/TiC COMPOSITES journal February 2024
Power Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing: Process Parameters, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties journal February 2020
Investigation of mechanical properties of nanostructured Al-SiC composite manufactured by accumulative roll bonding journal May 2019
Interaction and Fracture of Titanium-Boron Composites journal October 1967
Hybrid composites for automotive applications – A review journal May 2019
Solidification of high speed steels journal February 2001
Mechanical behaviour of laminated metal composites journal January 1996
Effect of Particle Size and Cohesion on Powder Yielding and Flow journal January 2018
Additive manufacture of TiB2/Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix composite by selective laser melting journal January 2019
Research review of diversified reinforcement on aluminum metal matrix composites: fabrication processes and mechanical characterization journal May 2017
Toughening Mechanisms in Al/Al-SiC Laminated Metal Composites journal January 1996
Additive manufacturing of materials: Opportunities and challenges journal November 2015
Introduction to the Additive Manufacturing Powder Metallurgy Supply Chain journal July 2015
Process study for directed energy deposition of 316L stainless steel with TiB2 metal matrix composites  journal June 2022
A review on constituents, applications and processing methods of metal matrix composites journal February 2024
Selective Laser Melting of Aluminum and Titanium Matrix Composites: Recent Progress and Potential Applications in the Aerospace Industry journal June 2020
A Comparative Study of Additively Manufactured Thin Wall and Block Structure with Al-6.3%Cu Alloy Using Cold Metal Transfer Process journal March 2017
Comparison of Phase Characteristics and Residual Stresses in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EB-PBF) Techniques journal July 2021
Microstructure, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Al/Cu/SiC Laminated Composites, Fabricated by the ARB and CARB Processes journal February 2023
A Review on Wire-Fed Directed Energy Deposition Based Metal Additive Manufacturing journal February 2023
Additive Manufacturing Processes: Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting and Binder Jetting—Selection Guidelines journal June 2017
Influence of Powder Characteristics on Processability of AlSi12 Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting journal May 2018
The Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Matrix Nano Al2O3 Composites Produced via Friction Stir Deposition Using Different Initial Material Conditions journal April 2022
Advancements in Laser Wire-Feed Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Brief Review journal March 2023
A Comprehensive Review of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (FSAM) of Non-Ferrous Alloys journal March 2023
In Situ Fabrication of TiC/Ti–Matrix Composites by Laser Directed Energy Deposition journal August 2024
Effect of Laser Cladding Stellite 6-Cr3C2-WS2 Self-Lubricating Composite Coating on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of H13 journal June 2020
Development of Al-TiC Wire Feedstock for Additive Manufacturing by Metal Screw Extrusion journal November 2020
The Influence of Particle Shape, Powder Flowability, and Powder Layer Density on Part Density in Laser Powder Bed Fusion journal March 2021
Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals journal September 2021
Investigation on the Cause-Effect Relationships between the Process Parameters and the Resulting Geometric Properties for Wire-Based Coaxial Laser Metal Deposition journal March 2022
Selective Laser Melting of Inconel 718/TiC Composite: Effect of TiC Particle Size journal October 2022
Effect of TiC Particle Size on Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Inconel 718/TiC Composite Material Made by Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing journal July 2023
Additive Manufacturing of Customized Metallic Orthopedic Implants: Materials, Structures, and Surface Modifications journal September 2019
Advancements in SiC-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites for High-Performance Electronic Packaging: A Review of Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Future Trends journal July 2023
Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V with Wire Laser Metal Deposition Process journal January 2021
Features of Obtaining Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy Powders by Plasma Atomization journal July 2021
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB2/ Al-Si Composites Fabricated by TIG Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing journal January 2019
Effect of Casting and Additive Manufacturing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Al-Cu Composites journal May 2020
Microstructure, Worn Surface, Wear Assessment and Taguchi’s Approach of Titanium Alloy Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for Automotive Applications conference February 2024
Investigation of Penetration Depth and Efficiency of Applied Heat Flux in a Directed Energy Deposition Process with Feeding of Ti-6Al-4V Wires journal February 2018