Electron-ion recombination in composite interactions in liquid xenon

Xu, J.; Kim, J.; Lenardo, B.; Dahl, C. E.; Mannino, R. L.; Blockinger, G. M.; Hardy, C. A.; Adams, D.; Amarasinghe, C. S.; Bang, J.; Vaitkus, A. C.; Ding, C.; Lippincott, W. H.; Szydagis, M.; Levy, C.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Essig, R.

doi:10.1103/8bdr-6njs

Title: Electron-ion recombination in composite interactions in liquid xenon

Journal Article · Tue Jul 15 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Physical Review D

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8bdr-6njs · OSTI ID:2585314

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^[2]; Bang, J. ^[8]; Vaitkus, A. C. ^[8]; Ding, C. ^[8];

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)

The response of liquid xenon to various types of ionizing radiation has been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally. Recent progress in direct detection dark matter experiments highlights the significance of composite events, where multiple particles interact with xenon simultaneously and generate overlapping ionization signatures. In these events, recombination of electrons and ions associated with different primary particles leads to additional suppression of the ionization signal, introducing a new source of uncertainty in dark matter searches and Migdal effect studies. We developed a model to estimate the recombination enhancement for overlapping low-energy particle interactions. This method, which has minimal dependence on xenon microphysics and is primarily driven by existing experimental data, yields predictions that are consistent with available measurements of composite interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model predictions are robust against xenon microphysics assumptions.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; SC0015535

OSTI ID:: 2585314

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-2002846

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 112; ISSN 2470-0010; ISSN 2470-0029

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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