Biogeochemical Controls on Wood Degradation as a Source of Bioavailable Carbon in Denitrifying Bioreactors

Sang, Yi; Petrovic, Iva; DuPlooy, Lily Elaine; Zhang, Zihao; Tappero, Ryan; Ge, Mingyuan; Yang, Lin; Reid, Matthew C.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c13325

Title: Biogeochemical Controls on Wood Degradation as a Source of Bioavailable Carbon in Denitrifying Bioreactors

Journal Article · Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Environmental Science and Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13325 · OSTI ID:2583726

Sang, Yi ^[1]; Petrovic, Iva ^[1]; DuPlooy, Lily Elaine ^[1];

^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Yang, Lin ^[2];

^[1]

Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Woodchip bioreactors (WBRs) are important tools for the removal of nitrate in agricultural drainage, but their effectiveness is often limited by the slow degradation of lignocellulosic wood residues into bioavailable forms of carbon that fuel denitrifying microorganisms. Here, we examine biogeochemical factors regulating wood degradation in saturated woodchip beds, with a focus on the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in generating oxidative activity that can enhance wood decomposition. Woodchips from a 10-year-old WBR were characterized with bulk techniques and a novel combination of μX-ray scattering, μXRF, and μXANES to visualize the depletion of crystalline cellulose as a proxy for wood degradation. Woodchips from upstream portions of the reactor exhibited the greatest degradation, probably due to greater DO exposure, and degradation was localized to a 100 to 200 μm thick surface layer that was also associated with higher concentrations of Fe and Mn. Greater degradation was associated with faster nitrate removal. μXANES analysis of Fe and Mn in the surface layer indicated the presence of a microenvironment in which oxygenation reactions of Fe(II) and Mn(II) could contribute to the formation of reactive oxidants involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. In conclusion, our results provide new insight into biogeochemical properties that influence wood decomposition in WBRs at both micro- and macroscales and how these wood degradation processes are coupled with denitrification.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2583726

Report Number(s):: BNL--228527-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 23 Vol. 59; ISSN 1520-5851; ISSN 0013-936X

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Biotechnology
Degradation
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X-ray scattering
XANES
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lignocellulose
manganese
oxidative decomposition
wood degradation
woodchip bioreactor

Title: Biogeochemical Controls on Wood Degradation as a Source of Bioavailable Carbon in Denitrifying Bioreactors

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