How do substituted phenyl-based cations affect the structure-property-stability relationship of low-dimensional perovskites?

Journal Article · Fri Jun 20 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Journal of Energy Chemistry

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2025.06.028 · OSTI ID:2574733

Zhang, Yixin ^[1]; Larson, Bryon W.  ^[2]; Zhang, Fei  ^[3]

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1. Tianjin Univ. (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin (China)
2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
3. Tianjin Univ. (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin (China); Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin (China)

Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials. However, the issue of insufficient charge transport in 2D perovskites limits their development, and the fundamental mechanism of out-of-plane carrier transport remains unclear. This study designed and synthesized seven organic phenyl-core cations, differentiated at the 1- and 1,4-positions, and identified the impacts on the corresponding properties of the 2D crystalline perovskite. Shorter cations facilitated a more compact arrangement of adjacent inorganic layers, aligning to favor charge transport along the vertical direction. In addition, introducing high electronegativity led to increased intermolecular interactions, resulting in enhanced structural stability and improved phenyl ring π-orbital overlap and interlayer electron coupling, yielding efficient charge transport. Resilience to thermal stressing of the perovskite was strongly correlated with the carbon chain length of the spacer cations. Here, the increase in cation length and the reduction in the rigidity of the amino-terminal both aided in the dispersion of thermal stress in the inorganic framework. Additional hydrogen bonding also contributed to mitigating structural disorder.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: Key Fund Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308; SC0020718
• OSTI ID: 2574733
• Report Number(s): NREL/JA--5900-94196
• Journal Information: Journal of Energy Chemistry, Journal Name: Journal of Energy Chemistry Vol. 110; ISSN 2095-4956
• Publisher: ElsevierCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English