The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Galaxy Clusters Catalog

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 2026 · Open J.Astrophys.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.155863 · OSTI ID:2574532

Aguena, M.  ^[1]; Aiola, S.  ^[2]; Allam, S.  ^[3]; Andrade-Oliveira, F.  ^[4]; Bacon, D. ^[5]; Bahcall, N.  ^[6]; Battaglia, N.  ^[7]; Battistelli, E. S.  ^[8]; Bocquet, S.  ^[9]; Bolliet, B.  ^[10]; Bond, J. R.  ^[11]; Brooks, D.  ^[12]; Calabrese, E.  ^[13]; Carretero, J.  ^[14]; Choi, S. K.  ^[15]; da Costa, L. N.  ^[16]; Costanzi, M.  ^[17]; Coulton, W.  ^[18]; Davis, T. M.  ^[19]; Desai, S.  ^[20] ; Devlin, M. J.  ^[21]; Dicker, S.  ^[21]; Doel, P.  ^[12]; Duivenvoorden, A. J.  ^[22]; Dunkley, J.  ^[23]; Ferraro, S.  ^[24]; Flaugher, B.  ^[3]; Frieman, J.  ^[25]; Gallardo, P. A.  ^[21]; Gatti, M.  ^[26]; Gaztanaga, E.  ^[27]; Gill, A. S.  ^[28]; Golec, J. E.  ^[29]; Gruen, D.  ^[9]; Gruendl, R. A.  ^[30]; Halpern, M.  ^[31]; Hasselfield, M.  ^[32]; Hill, J. C.  ^[33]; Hilton, M.  ^[34]; Hincks, A. D.  ^[35]; Hinton, S. R.  ^[19]; Hollowood, D. L.  ^[36]; Honscheid, K.  ^[37]; Hubmayr, J.  ^[38]; Huffenberger, K. M.  ^[39]; Hughes, J. P.  ^[40]; James, D. J.  ^[41]; Klein, M. ^[9]; Knowles, K.  ^[42]; Koopman, B. J.  ^[43]; Kosowsky, A.  ^[44]; Lahav, O.  ^[12]; Lee, E. ^[21]; Lin, Y.  ^[45]; Lokken, M.  ^[14]; Madhavacheril, M. S.  ^[21]; Plazas Malagón, A. A.  ^[46]; Marrewijk, J. v.  ^[47]; Marshall, J. L.  ^[39]; McMahon, J.  ^[48]; Mena-Fernández, J.  ^[49]; Miquel, R.  ^[50]; Miyatake, H. ^[51]; Mohr, J. J.  ^[9]; Moodley, K.  ^[52]; Mroczkowski, T.  ^[53]; Naess, S.  ^[54]; Nati, F.  ^[55]; Nicola, A.  ^[56]; Niemack, M. D.  ^[7]; Ogando, R. L.C.  ^[57]; Oguri, M. ^[58]; Orlowski-Scherer, J.  ^[21]; Page, L. A.  ^[59]; Partridge, B.  ^[60]; da Silva Pereira, M. E. ^[61]; Porredon, A.  ^[62]; Qu, F. J. ^[63]; Ragavan, D. C.  ^[64]; Ried Guachalla, B.  ^[65]; Romer, A. K.  ^[66]; Carnero Rosell, A.  ^[67]; Rykoff, E. S.  ^[46]; Samuroff, S.  ^[68]; Sanchez, E.  ^[69]; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.  ^[69]; Sierra, C. ^[29]; Sifón, C.  ^[70]; Smith, M.  ^[71]; Staggs, S. T.  ^[59]; Suchyta, E.  ^[72]; Swanson, M. E.C. ^[73]; Tucker, D. L.  ^[3]; Vargas, C.  ^[39]; Vavagiakis, E. M.  ^[74]; De Vicente, J.  ^[69]; Weaverdyck, N.  ^[75]; Weller, J.  ^[76]; Wollack, E. J.  ^[77]; Zubeldia, I.  ^[78]

---

1. Trieste Observ.; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro
2. New York U., CCPP; Princeton U.
3. Fermilab
4. Zurich U.
5. Portsmouth U., ICG
6. Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.
7. Cornell U., LNS
8. Rome U.
9. Munich U. Observ.
10. Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
11. Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.
12. University Coll. London
13. Cardiff U.
14. Barcelona, IFAE
15. UC, Riverside
16. LIneA, Rio de Janeiro
17. Trieste Observ.; SISSA, Trieste; INFN, Trieste; IFPU, Trieste
18. Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Cambridge U., DAMTP
19. Queensland U.
20. Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad
21. Pennsylvania U.
22. Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE
23. Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.
24. LBL, Berkeley; UC, Berkeley
25. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Fermilab; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
26. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
27. Barcelona, IEEC; Portsmouth U., ICG
28. MIT
29. Chicago U.
30. Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
31. British Columbia U.
32. New York U., CCPP
33. Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; New York U., CCPP
34. U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; KwaZulu Natal U.
35. Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Vatican Astron. Observ.
36. UC, Santa Cruz
37. Ohio State U., CCAPP; Ohio State U.
38. NIST, Boulder
39. Texas A-M
40. Rutgers U., Piscataway
41. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
42. Rhodes U.
43. Yale U. (main)
44. Pittsburgh U.
45. NYCU, Hsinchu
46. KIPAC, Menlo Park; SLAC
47. Leiden Observ.
48. Chicago U.; Chicago U., EFI
49. LPSC, Grenoble
50. ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Barcelona, IFAE
51. Tokyo U., IPMU
52. KwaZulu Natal U.
53. European Southern Observ.
54. Inst. Theor. Astrophys., Oslo
55. Milan Bicocca U.
56. Jodrell Bank; U. Manchester (main)
57. Campinas State U.; Rio de Janeiro Observ.
58. Chiba U.
59. Princeton U.
60. Haverford Coll.
61. Hamburg Observ.
62. Madrid, CIEMAT; Ruhr U., Bochum
63. Stanford U.; Stanford U., ITP
64. U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.
65. Stanford U.; Stanford U., ITP; SLAC
66. Sussex U., Astron. Ctr.
67. IAC, La Laguna; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Laguna U., Tenerife
68. Northeastern U.; Barcelona, IFAE
69. Madrid, CIEMAT
70. Valparaiso U., Catolica
71. Lancaster U.
72. ORNL, Oak Ridge (main)
73. Illinois U., Urbana (main)
74. Duke U.; Cornell U., LNS
75. UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept.; LBL, Berkeley
76. Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Munich U.
77. NASA, Goddard
78. Cambridge U.; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.

We present the results of a search for galaxy clusters in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) microwave sky maps covering 16293 square degrees in three frequency bands, using data obtained over the lifetime of the project (2008-2022). We report redshifts and mass estimates for 10040 clusters detected via their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect with signal-to-noise greater than 4 at a 2.4 arcminute filter scale. The catalog includes 1180 clusters at redshifts greater than 1, and 124 clusters at redshifts greater than 1.5. Using a relation between cluster SZ signal and mass that is consistent with recent weak-lensing measurements, we estimate that clusters detected with signal-to-noise greater than 5 form a sample which is 90% complete for clusters with masses greater than $$5 \times 10^{14}$$ MSun (measured within a spherical volume with mean density 500 times the critical density). El Gordo, a cluster found in an initial ACT survey of 755 square degrees, remains the most extreme cluster in mass and redshift; we find no cluster with a mass and redshift combination high enough to falsify the standard LCDM cosmology with Gaussian initial perturbations. We make public a variety of data products, including the full cluster candidate list, noise maps, and sky masks, along with our software for cluster detection and instructions for reproducing our cluster catalogs from the public ACT maps.

• Research Organization: Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Barcelona, IEEC; Barcelona, IFAE; British Columbia U.; Cambridge U.; Cambridge U., DAMTP; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Campinas State U.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Cardiff U.; Chiba U.; Chicago U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; Cornell U., LNS; Duke U.; European Southern Observ.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Hamburg Observ.; Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Haverford Coll.; IAC, La Laguna; ICREA, Barcelona; IFPU, Trieste; INFN, Trieste; Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad; Inst. Theor. Astrophys., Oslo; Jodrell Bank; KwaZulu Natal U.; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; LPSC, Grenoble; Laguna U., Tenerife; Lancaster U.; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Leiden Observ.; MIT; Madrid, CIEMAT; Milan Bicocca U.; Munich U.; Munich U. Observ.; NASA, Goddard; NIST, Boulder; NYCU, Hsinchu; New York U., CCPP; Northeastern U.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Ohio State U.; Ohio State U., CCAPP; Pennsylvania U.; Pittsburgh U.; Portsmouth U., ICG; Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; Queensland U.; Rhodes U.; Rio de Janeiro Observ.; Rome U.; Ruhr U., Bochum; Rutgers U., Piscataway; SISSA, Trieste; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford U.; Stanford U., ITP; Sussex U., Astron. Ctr.; Texas A-M; Tokyo U., IPMU; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Trieste Observ.; U. Manchester (main); U. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Sch. Phys.; UC, Berkeley; UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept.; UC, Riverside; UC, Santa Cruz; University Coll. London; Valparaiso U., Catolica; Vatican Astron. Observ.; Yale U. (main); Zurich U.
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy
• Grant/Contract Number: 89243024CSC000002
• OSTI ID: 2574532
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB-25-0543; oai:inspirehep.net:2955282; arXiv:2507.21459
• Journal Information: Open J.Astrophys., Journal Name: Open J.Astrophys. Vol. 9
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English