The ultralow viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma: Implications for the water content of primitive kimberlite melts

Hao, Ming; Zhou, Wen-Yi; Hrubiak, Rostislav; Kenney-Benson, Curtis; Kavanagh, Janine L.; Davis, William; Zhang, Jin S.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado8550

Title: The ultralow viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma: Implications for the water content of primitive kimberlite melts

Journal Article · Fri Sep 06 00:00:00 UTC 2024 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ado8550 · OSTI ID:2564410

^[1]; Zhou, Wen-Yi ^[2];

^[3];

^[3]; Kavanagh, Janine L. ^[4]; Davis, William ^[5];

^[2]

Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Carnegie Inst. of Science, Washington, DC (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom)
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography

The eruption of deeply sourced kimberlite magma offers the fastest route to bring deep-seated volatiles back to the Earth’s surface. However, the viscosity of kimberlite magma, a factor governing its migration and eruption dynamics within Earth, remains poorly constrained. We conducted synchrotron in situ falling sphere viscometry experiments to examine kimberlite magma with different volatile contents (0 to 5 wt % H₂O and 2 to 8 wt % CO₂) under high pressure-temperature conditions. The results reveal that the viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma is ~1 to 2 orders lower than that of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and comparable to the ultramobile pure carbonate melt. Using the measured viscosity values, we simulated the ascent and eruption process of kimberlite magma. We found that a minimum content of ~0.5 wt % water in the primitive magma is necessary to allow the ultrafast eruption process of kimberlite, thereby enabling the preservation of diamonds and high-pressure mineral inclusions transported by the magma.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Texas A&M University; UK Research and Innovation (UKRI); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); University of New Mexico

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; NA0001974

OSTI ID:: 2564410

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 36 Vol. 10; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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