Synergy in Materials: Leveraging Phosphosilicate Waste Forms for Electrochemical Salt Waste

Evarts, Jonathan S.; Riley, Brian J.; Lonergan, Charmayne E.; Harris, Michaella S.; Bai, Jincheng; Bohannan, Eric; Ajoku, Iheanyichukwu; Chong, Saehwa; McCloy, John S.

doi:10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00501

Title: Synergy in Materials: Leveraging Phosphosilicate Waste Forms for Electrochemical Salt Waste

Journal Article · Thu Feb 27 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · ACS Sustainable Resource Management

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00501 · OSTI ID:2549292

^[1];

^[2]; Lonergan, Charmayne E. ^[3]; Harris, Michaella S. ^[4]; Bai, Jincheng ^[2]; Bohannan, Eric ^[3]; Ajoku, Iheanyichukwu ^[3];

^[2];

^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (United States)

Here, waste forms containing glassy and crystalline phosphate and silicate phases were produced to immobilize salt waste simulants from pyroprocessing and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, heat capacity, and chemical durability measurements. In this work, a phosphosilicate waste form is presented to leverage the benefits of both borosilicate glasses and iron phosphate glasses. To improve waste loading, prior to immobilization, salt simulants were successfully dechlorinated using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed with a borosilicate frit (5–30 wt %) and Fe₂O₃, and vitrified. Additions of 2.5–15 wt % borosilicate glass (NBS3) improved normalized release rates for Cs relative to iron-phosphates without NBS3, resulting in chemical durabilities similar to high-level waste borosilicate glass reference materials. The release rates of the alkalis (i.e., Li, Na, K, Cs) were the lowest with the addition of 5 wt % NBS3. Although Sr was not specifically targeted in this study, evidence exists that it preferentially partitioned with Si to form an amorphous droplet phase within the iron phosphate glass matrix.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2549292

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--206446

Journal Information:: ACS Sustainable Resource Management, Journal Name: ACS Sustainable Resource Management Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 2; ISSN 2837-1445

Publisher:: ACS PublicationsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Synergy in Materials: Leveraging Phosphosilicate Waste Forms for Electrochemical Salt Waste

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