Characterization of chromium impurities in β -Ga2O3

Turiansky, Mark E.; Mu, Sai; Razinkovas, Lukas; Parto, Kamyar; Patel, Sahil D.; Doan, Sean; Pokharel, Ganesh; Gomez Alvarado, Steven J.; Wilson, Stephen D.; Moody, Galan; Van de Walle, Chris G.

doi:10.1063/5.0255859

Title: Characterization of chromium impurities in β -Ga2O3

Journal Article · Fri Mar 14 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255859 · OSTI ID:2531012

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; Doan, Sean;

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Chromium is a common transition-metal impurity that is easily incorporated during crystal growth. It is perhaps best known for giving rise to the 694.3 nm (1.786 eV) emission in Cr-doped Al2O3, exploited in ruby lasers. Chromium has also been found in monoclinic gallium oxide, a wide-bandgap semiconductor being pursued for power electronics. In this work, we thoroughly characterize the behavior of Cr in Ga2O3 through theoretical and experimental techniques. β-Ga2O3 samples are grown with the floating zone method and show evidence of a sharp photoluminescence signal, reminiscent of ruby. We calculate the energetics of formation of Cr from first principles, demonstrating that Cr preferentially incorporates as a neutral impurity on the octahedral site. Cr possesses a quartet ground-state spin and has an internal transition with a zero-phonon line near 1.8 eV. By comparing the calculated and experimentally measured luminescence lineshape function, we elucidate the role of coupling to phonons and uncover features beyond the Franck–Condon approximation. The combination of strong emission with a small Huang–Rhys factor of 0.05 and a technologically relevant host material renders Cr in Ga2O3 attractive as a quantum defect.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2531012

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 137; ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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