A bipartite bacterial virulence factor targets the complement system and neutrophil activation

Kurniyati, Kurni; Clark, Nicholas D.; Wang, Hongxia; Deng, Yijie; Sze, Ching Wooen; Visser, Michelle B.; Malkowski, Michael G.; Li, Chunhao

doi:10.1038/s44318-024-00342-8

Title: A bipartite bacterial virulence factor targets the complement system and neutrophil activation

Journal Article · 02 January 2025 · The EMBO Journal (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00342-8 · OSTI ID:2496312

Kurniyati, Kurni;

; Wang, Hongxia; Deng, Yijie; Sze, Ching Wooen; Visser, Michelle B.;

;

Abstract The complement system and neutrophils constitute the two main pillars of the host innate immune defense against infection by bacterial pathogens. Here, we identify T-Mac, a novel virulence factor of the periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola that allows bacteria to evade both defense systems. We show that T-Mac is expressed as a pre-protein that is cleaved into two functional units. The N-terminal fragment has two immunoglobulin-like domains and binds with high affinity to the major neutrophil chemokine receptors FPR1 and CXCR1, blocking N -formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- and IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. The C-terminal fragment functions as a cysteine protease with a unique proteolytic activity and structure, which degrades several components of the complement system, such as C3 and C3b. Murine infection studies further reveal a critical T-Mac role in tissue damage and inflammation caused by bacterial infection. Collectively, these results disclose a novel innate immunity-evasion strategy, and open avenues for investigating the role of cysteine proteases and immunoglobulin-like domains of gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2496312

Journal Information:: The EMBO Journal (Online), Journal Name: The EMBO Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 44; ISSN 1460-2075

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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