Reverse Polarizability of Rare Earth Ions (La3+, Gd3+, Lu3+, Y3+) in Tellurite Glasses and Glass Ceramics for Optical Limiting

Patra, Pritha; Gangareddy, Jagannath; Jayanthi, K.; Chakraborty, Saswata; Keshri, Shweta R.; Bysakh, Sandip; Krishnan, N. Anoop; Soma, Venugopal Rao; Kalyandurg, Annapurna

doi:10.1021/acsaom.4c00326

Title: Reverse Polarizability of Rare Earth Ions (La³⁺, Gd³⁺, Lu³⁺, Y³⁺) in Tellurite Glasses and Glass Ceramics for Optical Limiting

Journal Article · 24 October 2024 · ACS Applied Optical Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.4c00326 · OSTI ID:2479040

Patra, Pritha ^[1]; Gangareddy, Jagannath ^[2];

^[3]; Chakraborty, Saswata ^[1]; Keshri, Shweta R. ^[4];

^[2];

^[4];

^[5];

^[1]

CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata (India); Academy of Scientific and Innovative research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad (India)
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata (India)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi (India)
University of Hyderabad (India)

All-optical modulation using inherent third-order optical nonlinearity of a medium has garnered considerable interest in photonics and optoelectronics. Herein, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of tellurite glasses and glass ceramics (GCs) containing four different rare earths (RE = La, Gd, Lu, and Y) have been deliberated in near-infrared regions under an ultrafast regime. The La-based glass exhibits ~10 times higher nonlinear refraction (n₂) and absorption (α₂) than reported NLO materials. The NLO susceptibility [χ⁽³⁾] trend in the studied glasses is La > Gd > Lu > Y, matching with RE³⁺ polarizability. Furthermore, Ln₂Te₆O₁₅ nanocrystallite-embedded transparent GCs exhibit a larger NLO coefficient due to the enhanced local field from oxygen vacancies in crystallites. Interestingly, the trend of χ⁽³⁾ in GCs follows the sequence of Y > Lu > Gd > La, precisely opposite to the glasses. This observation challenges the general polarizability approach of RE³⁺ ions, emphasizing that quadratic hyperpolarizability of RE³⁺ is pivotal for NLO properties of GCs. Among the studied matrices, Y-containing GCs showed the lowest optical limiting (OL) threshold (5.4 mJ/cm² at 800 nm), much lower than those of the reported NLO materials, suggesting its potential as a femtosecond NIR-laser safety material. A combination of large α₂ and n₂ from the studied matrices indicates their advantage for harmonic generation, potentially aiding in the design of ultrafast signal processing devices.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2479040

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Optical Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Optical Materials Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 2; ISSN 2771-9855

Publisher:: ACS PublicationsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
amorphous materials
ceramics
lasers
nonlinear optics
optical limiting
optical properties
rare earths
tellurite glass ceramics
third-order nonlinearity
z-scan

Title: Reverse Polarizability of Rare Earth Ions (La3+, Gd3+, Lu3+, Y3+) in Tellurite Glasses and Glass Ceramics for Optical Limiting

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Title: Reverse Polarizability of Rare Earth Ions (La³⁺, Gd³⁺, Lu³⁺, Y³⁺) in Tellurite Glasses and Glass Ceramics for Optical Limiting