The role of charge in microdroplet redox chemistry

Heindel, Joseph P.; LaCour, R. Allen; Head-Gordon, Teresa

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47879-0

Title: The role of charge in microdroplet redox chemistry

Journal Article · 29 April 2024 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47879-0 · OSTI ID:2447940

Heindel, Joseph P. ^[1]; LaCour, R. Allen ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry, Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

In charged water microdroplets, which occur in nature or in the lab upon ultrasonication or in electrospray processes, the thermodynamics for reactive chemistry can be dramatically altered relative to the bulk phase. Here, we provide a theoretical basis for the observation of accelerated chemistry by simulating water droplets of increasing charge imbalance to create redox agents such as hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals and solvated electrons. We compute the hydration enthalpy of OH^- and H⁺ that controls the electron transfer process, and the corresponding changes in vertical ionization energy and vertical electron affinity of the ions, to create OH^• and H^• reactive species. We find that at ~ 20 - 50% of the Rayleigh limit of droplet charge the hydration enthalpy of both OH^- and H⁺ have decreased by >50 kcal/mol such that electron transfer becomes thermodynamically favorable, in correspondence with the more favorable vertical electron affinity of H⁺ and the lowered vertical ionization energy of OH^-. We provide scaling arguments that show that the nanoscale calculations and conclusions extend to the experimental microdroplet length scale. The relevance of the droplet charge for chemical reactivity is illustrated for the formation of H₂O₂, and has clear implications for other redox reactions observed to occur with enhanced rates in microdroplets.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2447940

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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