Redox Activity Modulation in Extended Fluorenone-Based Flow Battery Electrolytes with π-π Stacking Effect

Feng, Ruozhu; Zheng, Xueyun; Rice, Peter S.; Bazak, Jonathan David; Hollas, Aaron M.; Shao, Yuyan; Liang, Yangang; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad7324

Title: Redox Activity Modulation in Extended Fluorenone-Based Flow Battery Electrolytes with π-π Stacking Effect

Journal Article · Mon Sep 02 00:00:00 UTC 2024 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7324 · OSTI ID:2440823

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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Redox flow battery shows promise for grid-scale energy storage. Aqueous organic redox flow batteries are particularly popular due to their potentially low material cost and safe water-based electrolyte. Commonly, redox active molecules used in this field feature aromatic rings, and increasing π-aromatic conjugation has been a popular strategy to achieve high energy density, high power density, and reduced crossover in new material design. However, this approach can inadvertently hinder redox activity depending on redox mechanism. This study reveals the underlying π-π stacking effect in extended aromatic redox active compounds, where aromatic radical intermediates are involved in the redox process. We report a molecular design strategy to mitigate the negative effect of π-π stacking by altering solvation dynamics and introducing molecular steric hindrance.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2440823

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-186885

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 171; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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