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Title: Characterization of Low-mass Companions to Kepler Objects of Interest Observed with APOGEE-N

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [13];  [8]
  1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  3. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)
  4. Apache Point Observatory and New Mexico State Univ., Sunspot, NM (United States); Moscow State Univ., Moscow (Russian Federation)
  5. Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY (United States); Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
  6. Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Baltimore, MD (Untied States)
  7. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  8. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  9. Univ. of Antofagasta (Chile)
  10. Universidad Autónoma de México, Ensenada (Mexico)
  11. Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
  12. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
  13. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We report the characterization of 28 low-mass (0.02 M⊙ ≤ M2 ≤ 0.25 M⊙) companions to Kepler objects of interest (KOIs), eight of which were previously designated confirmed planets. These objects were detected as transiting companions to Sunlike stars (G and F dwarfs) by the Kepler mission and are confirmed as single-lined spectroscopic binaries in the current work using the northern multiplexed Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment near-infrared spectrograph (APOGEE-N) as part of the third and fourth Sloan Digital Sky Surveys. We have observed hundreds of KOIs using APOGEE-N and collected a total of 43,175 spectra with a median of 19 visits and a median baseline of ~1.9 yr per target. We jointly model the Kepler photometry and APOGEE-N radial velocities to derive fundamental parameters for this subset of 28 transiting companions. The radii for most of these low-mass companions are overinflated (by ~10%) when compared to theoretical models. Tidally locked M dwarfs on short-period orbits show the largest amount of inflation, but inflation is also evident for companions that are well separated from the host star. We demonstrate that APOGEE-N data provide reliable radial velocities when compared to precise high-resolution spectrographs that enable detailed characterization of individual systems and the inference of orbital elements for faint (H > 12) KOIs. The data from the entire APOGEE-KOI program are public and present an opportunity to characterize an extensive subset of the binary population observed by Kepler.

Research Organization:
US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
Sponsoring Organization:
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Heising-Simons Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI ID:
2425119
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 265; ISSN 0067-0049
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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