Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high [CO2]

Kinmonth-Schultz, Hannah A.; Walker, Stephen Michael; Bingol, Ahmet Kerem; Hoyt, David W.; Kim, Young-Mo; Markillie, Lye Meng; Mitchell, Hugh D.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Taylor, Ronald; Ward, Joy K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287943

Title: Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high [CO₂]

Journal Article · 27 December 2023 · PLoS ONE

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287943 · OSTI ID:2337501

^[1]; Walker, Stephen Michael ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Markillie, Lye Meng ^[3]; Mitchell, Hugh D. ^[4];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5]

Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States); Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)

Since industrialization began, atmospheric CO₂ ([CO₂]) has increased from 270 to 415 ppm and is projected to reach 800–1000 ppm this century. Some Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) genotypes delayed flowering in elevated [CO₂] relative to current [CO₂], while others showed no change or accelerations. To predict genotype-specific flowering behaviors, we must understand the mechanisms driving flowering response to rising [CO₂]. [CO₂] changes alter photosynthesis and carbohydrates in plants. Plants sense carbohydrate levels, and exogenous carbohydrate application influences flowering time and flowering transcript levels. We asked how organismal changes in carbohydrates and transcription correlate with changes in flowering time under elevated [CO₂]. We used a genotype (SG) of Arabidopsis that was selected for high fitness at elevated [CO₂] (700 ppm). SG delays flowering under elevated [CO₂] (700 ppm) relative to current [CO₂] (400 ppm). We compared SG to a closely related control genotype (CG) that shows no [CO₂]-induced flowering change. We compared metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in these genotypes at current and elevated [CO₂] to assess correlations with flowering in these conditions. While both genotypes altered carbohydrates in response to elevated [CO₂], SG had higher levels of sucrose than CG and showed a stronger increase in glucose and fructose in elevated [CO₂]. Both genotypes demonstrated transcriptional changes, with CG increasing genes related to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate breakdown, amino acid synthesis, and secondary metabolites; and SG decreasing genes related to starch and sugar metabolism, but increasing genes involved in oligosaccharide production and sugar modifications. Genes associated with flowering regulation within the photoperiod, vernalization, and meristem identity pathways were altered in these genotypes. Elevated [CO₂] may alter carbohydrates to influence transcription in both genotypes and delayed flowering in SG. Changes in the oligosaccharide pool may contribute to delayed flowering in SG. This work extends the literature exploring genotypic-specific flowering responses to elevated [CO₂].

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Research Organization:: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Richland, WA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2337501

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--187156

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 18; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DNA-binding proteins
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Title: Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high [CO2]

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Title: Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high [CO₂]