Ceramic–Metal (Cermet) Composites: A Review of Key Properties and Synthesis Methods Focused on Nuclear Waste Immobilization

Evarts, Jonathan S.; Chong, Saehwa; Oshiro, Jared M.; Riley, Brian J.; Asmussen, R. Matthew; McCloy, John S.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.3c04450

Title: Ceramic–Metal (Cermet) Composites: A Review of Key Properties and Synthesis Methods Focused on Nuclear Waste Immobilization

Journal Article · Mon Mar 04 00:00:00 UTC 2024 · Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c04450 · OSTI ID:2337426

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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Here this paper reviews key properties, applications, and examples of ceramic-metal composites (cermets), and metal matrix composites (MMC) with emphasis on their applicability as waste forms for immobilizing nuclear waste. While the literature is mature for vitrified and cementitious radioactive waste forms, cermet materials have not received adequate attention as potential candidates for immobilizing nuclear waste. To promulgate this effort, this review connects cermet and MMC design, such as hardened tools, with the chemistry of radioactive waste streams. A discussion on certification and qualification standards for cermet waste forms, literature gaps, and “how-to” sections on cermet processing techniques. Key parameters discussed include thermal conductivity, chemical durability, and waste loading, as well as examples for metal-containing waste forms. As cermet waste forms gain momentum within the community, this review paper aims ensure the end-of-life nuclear fuel cycle is addressed from a materials and waste disposition perspective.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2337426

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--191155

Journal Information:: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Name: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 63; ISSN 0888-5885

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Enhancement of Wettability of Aluminum Based Silicon Carbide Reinforced Particulate Metal Matrix Composite Singh, V. K.; Chauhan, Sakshi; Gope, P. C. High Temperature Materials and Processes, Vol. 0, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0043	journal	January 2014
The Effect of Rapid Microwave Sintering Process on the Electrical Conductivity, Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Al-TiC Composites Yaghobizadeh, Omid; Nazari, Maryam; Mashhadi, Mehri Materials Research, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2018-0324	journal	October 2018
Expanded Analysis of Hot Isostatic Pressed Iodine-Loaded Silver-Exchanged Mordenite Jubin, R.; Bruffey, S.; Patton, K. https://doi.org/10.2172/1160345	report	September 2014
Cermet high level waste forms Aaron, W. S.; Quinby, T. C.; Kobisk, E. H. https://doi.org/10.2172/12198598	report	June 1978
Preparation of Four Large-format Hot Isostatically Pressed I-AgZ Waste Form Samples for Performance Testing Bruffey, Stephanie H.; Jubin, Robert Thomas https://doi.org/10.2172/1506807	report	September 2018
Closed Fuel Cycle Waste Treatment Strategy Vienna, John; Collins, Emory; Crum, Jarrod https://doi.org/10.2172/1818064	report	February 2015
Corrosion of Materials in Fused Hydroxides Smith, G. P. https://doi.org/10.2172/4379078	report	March 1956
Literature survey: methods for the removal of iodine species from off-gases and liquid waste streams of nuclear power and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, with emphasis on solid sorbents Holladay, D. W. https://doi.org/10.2172/6394859	report	January 1979
Immobilization of chloride-rich radioactive wastes produced by pyrochemical operations McDaniel, E. W.; Terry, J. W. https://doi.org/10.2172/661392	report	August 1997
Retention of Halogens in Waste Glass Hrma, Pavel R. https://doi.org/10.2172/981571	report	May 2010
Review of recent developments in iodine wasteform production Asmussen, R. Matthew; Turner, Joshua; Chong, Saehwa Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.1043653	journal	December 2022
Recent advances in the removal of radioactive iodine by bismuth-based materials Hao, Yuxun; Tian, Zhenjiang; Liu, Chuanying Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1122484	journal	January 2023
Cermet Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Jose, Subin Antony; John, Merbin; Menezes, Pradeep L. Ceramics, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics5020018	journal	June 2022
Abrasion and Erosion Resistance of Cermets: A Review Kübarsepp, Jakob; Juhani, Kristjan; Tarraste, Marek Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010069	journal	December 2021
Wettability in Metal Matrix Composites Malaki, Massoud; Fadaei Tehrani, Alireza; Niroumand, Behzad Metals, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071034	journal	June 2021
Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by Nano-Particles—A Review Casati, Riccardo; Vedani, Maurizio Metals, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/met4010065	journal	March 2014
Powder Metallurgical Synthesis of Biodegradable Mg-Hydroxyapatite Composites for Biomedical Applications Stüpp, César Augusto; Mendis, Chamini Lakshi; Mohedano, Marta Materials Science Forum, Vol. 828-829 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.828-829.165	journal	August 2015
Vitrification of wastes: from unwanted to controlled crystallization, a review McCloy, John S.; Schuller, Sophie Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Vol. 354, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.111	journal	December 2022
Thermal-expansion stresses in reinforced plastics Turner, P. S. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.037.015	journal	October 1946

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ceramic-metal composites
cermet
hard metals
metal matrix composites
nuclear waste immobilization
radioactive waste
salt waste forms

Title: Ceramic–Metal (Cermet) Composites: A Review of Key Properties and Synthesis Methods Focused on Nuclear Waste Immobilization

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