Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering

Sinha, Aninda; Zahed, Ahmadullah

doi:10.1103/physrevd.108.025015

Title: Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering

Abstract

We consider Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering of photons, gravitons, fermions, and pions. We choose measurement settings that give maximum Bell violation for maximally entangled states and calculate the relevant Bell inequalities for these processes. For photon scattering at low energies, quantum electrodynamics exhibits Bell violation for all scattering angles except for a small transverse region. This leads to a fine-tuning problem. Incorporating a light axion/axionlike particle removes the fine-tuning problem and constrains the axion-coupling–axion-mass parameters. Allowing for graviton exchange and demanding Bell violation in photon scattering, we find that the weak-gravity conjecture is satisfied. Quantum gravity effects on axion coupling is discussed. For 2-2 graviton scattering, we find that CEMZ bounds allow for, at most, small Bell violations. Restriction on the Weinberg angle is found by demanding Bell violation in Bhabha scattering. We use recent $$S$$-matrix bootstrap data for pions and photons to study the Bell parameter in the space of allowed $$S$$-matrices. In the photon case, we study the Bell parameters as a function of energy and find support for the effective field theory observations. We discuss Bell parameter for pion $$S$$-matrices, which are qutrits. For pions, we find that there is a minimization of a suitable Bell parameter for $$S$$-matrices which exhibit Regge behavior.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (India)

Publication Date:: Mon Jul 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Research Org.:: Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 2280596

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-88ER40388; NSF PHY-1748958

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. D.

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 108; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Sinha, Aninda, and Zahed, Ahmadullah. Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevd.108.025015.

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                    Sinha, Aninda, & Zahed, Ahmadullah. Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.108.025015

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                    Sinha, Aninda, and Zahed, Ahmadullah. Mon .  
"Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.108.025015.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2280596.

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@article{osti_2280596,

  title        = {Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering},

  author       = {Sinha, Aninda and Zahed, Ahmadullah},

  abstractNote = {We consider Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering of photons, gravitons, fermions, and pions. We choose measurement settings that give maximum Bell violation for maximally entangled states and calculate the relevant Bell inequalities for these processes. For photon scattering at low energies, quantum electrodynamics exhibits Bell violation for all scattering angles except for a small transverse region. This leads to a fine-tuning problem. Incorporating a light axion/axionlike particle removes the fine-tuning problem and constrains the axion-coupling–axion-mass parameters. Allowing for graviton exchange and demanding Bell violation in photon scattering, we find that the weak-gravity conjecture is satisfied. Quantum gravity effects on axion coupling is discussed. For 2-2 graviton scattering, we find that CEMZ bounds allow for, at most, small Bell violations. Restriction on the Weinberg angle is found by demanding Bell violation in Bhabha scattering. We use recent $S$-matrix bootstrap data for pions and photons to study the Bell parameter in the space of allowed $S$-matrices. In the photon case, we study the Bell parameters as a function of energy and find support for the effective field theory observations. We discuss Bell parameter for pion $S$-matrices, which are qutrits. For pions, we find that there is a minimization of a suitable Bell parameter for $S$-matrices which exhibit Regge behavior.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevd.108.025015},

  journal      = {Physical Review. D.},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 108,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jul 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Mon Jul 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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Similar Records

Title: Bell inequalities in 2-2 scattering

Abstract

Citation Formats

Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? journal, May 1935

On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox journal, November 1964

Bell nonlocality journal, April 2014

Testing Bell Inequalities at the LHC with Top-Quark Pairs journal, October 2021

Quantum tops at the LHC: from entanglement to Bell inequalities journal, April 2022

Measurement of Bell-type inequalities and quantum entanglement from Λ -hyperon spin correlations at high energy colliders journal, August 2022

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A curious gedanken example of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox using CP nonconservation journal, July 1987

Violation of a Bell inequality in particle physics experimentally verified? journal, November 2004

A model with cosmological Bell inequalities: A model with cosmological Bell inequalities journal, December 2015

Signals of a Quantum Universe journal, June 2020

Bell violation in the sky journal, January 2017

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A Toy Model of the Information Paradox in Empty Space journal, June 2019

Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories journal, October 1969

Bell Inequalities for Arbitrarily High-Dimensional Systems journal, January 2002

Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons journal, November 1936

The Scattering of Light by Light journal, August 1951

The Heisenberg–Euler Effective Action: 75 Years on journal, June 2012

Positivity of Amplitudes, Weak Gravity Conjecture, and Modified Gravity journal, December 2019

Rigorous bounds on light-by-light scattering journal, June 2022

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Crossing Symmetric Spinning S-matrix Bootstrap: EFT bounds journal, September 2022

Bridging positivity and S-matrix bootstrap bounds journal, May 2023

Nonperturbative bounds on scattering of massive scalar particles in d ≥ 2 journal, December 2022

CP Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles journal, June 1977

A New Light Boson? journal, January 1978

Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons journal, January 1978

Invisible axion search methods journal, February 2021

Search for Low-Mass Axion Dark Matter with ABRACADABRA-10 cm journal, August 2021

The string landscape, black holes and gravity as the weakest force journal, June 2007

Infrared consistency and the weak gravity conjecture journal, December 2014

Causality constraints on corrections to the graviton three-point coupling journal, February 2016

Causality constraints on corrections to Einstein gravity journal, May 2023

Relative entropy in scattering and the S-matrix bootstrap journal, January 2020

Selection rules for the S-Matrix bootstrap journal, January 2021

The S-matrix bootstrap. Part III: higher dimensional amplitudes journal, December 2019

Bootstrapping QCD Using Pion Scattering Amplitudes journal, June 2019

Entanglement minimization in hadronic scattering with pions journal, October 2021

Silence of Binary Kerr Black Holes journal, October 2020

Gravitational Bhabha scattering journal, September 2017

Hadronic light-by-light scattering and the pion polarizability journal, August 2012

Photophilic hadronic axion from heavy magnetic monopoles journal, June 2021

Revisiting the Bound on Axion-Photon Coupling from Globular Clusters journal, November 2014

Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays from a Distant Quasar: How Transparent Is the Universe? journal, June 2008

Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude journal, August 2021

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Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC journal, August 2017

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journal, April 2014

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journal, October 2021

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journal, August 2022

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journal, June 2020

Bell violation in the sky
journal, January 2017

Monogamy paradox in empty flat space
journal, October 2022

A Toy Model of the Information Paradox in Empty Space
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Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories
journal, October 1969

Bell Inequalities for Arbitrarily High-Dimensional Systems
journal, January 2002

Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons
journal, November 1936

The Scattering of Light by Light
journal, August 1951

The Heisenberg–Euler Effective Action: 75 Years on
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Positivity of Amplitudes, Weak Gravity Conjecture, and Modified Gravity
journal, December 2019

Rigorous bounds on light-by-light scattering
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QED positivity bounds
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Bounding violations of the weak gravity conjecture
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Crossing Symmetric Spinning S-matrix Bootstrap: EFT bounds
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Bridging positivity and S-matrix bootstrap bounds
journal, May 2023

Nonperturbative bounds on scattering of massive scalar particles in d ≥ 2
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journal, January 1978

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Causality constraints on corrections to the graviton three-point coupling
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Hadronic light-by-light scattering and the pion polarizability
journal, August 2012

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