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Title: Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model: String breaking and kinetic dissipation in a thermal medium

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of bound state formation is one of the fundamental questions in confining quantum field theories such as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). One hadronization mechanism that has garnered significant attention is the breaking of a string initially connecting a fermion and an antifermion. Deepening our understanding of real-time string-breaking dynamics with simpler, lower dimensional models like the Schwinger model can improve our understanding of the hadronization process in QCD and other confining systems found in condensed matter and statistical systems. Here in this paper, we consider the string-breaking dynamics within the Schwinger model and investigate its modification inside a thermal medium, treating the Schwinger model as an open quantum system coupled to a thermal environment. Within the regime of weak coupling between the system and environment, the real-time evolution of the system can be described by a Lindblad evolution equation. We analyze the Liouvillian gaps of this Lindblad equation and the time dependence of the system’s von Neumann entropy. We observe that the late-time relaxation rate decreases as the environment correlation length increases. Moreover, when the environment correlation length is infinite, the system exhibits two steady states, one in each of the sectors with definite charge-conjugation-parity (CP) quantum numbers.more » For parameter regimes where an initial string breaks in vacuum, we observe a delay of the string breaking in the medium, due to kinetic dissipation effects. Conversely, in regimes where an initial string remains intact in vacuum time evolution, we observe string breaking (melting) in the thermal medium. We further discuss how the Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model can be simulated on quantum computers and provide an estimate of the associated Trotter errors.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA (United States); Stony Brook University, NY (United States)
  4. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Contributing Org.:
University of Washington
OSTI Identifier:
2228432
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 2259243
Report Number(s):
JLAB-THY-23-3894; arXiv:2308.03878; DOE/OR/23177-6820; MIT-CTP-5592; YITP-SB-2023-23; IQuS@UW-21-061
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0011090; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-06OR23177; SC0024358; SC0020970
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review. D.
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 108; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; lower-dimensional field theories; open quantum systems; lattice gauge theory; string breaking; dissipation; Schwinger model

Citation Formats

Lee, Kyle, Mulligan, James, Ringer, Felix, and Yao, Xiaojun. Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model: String breaking and kinetic dissipation in a thermal medium. United States: N. p., 2023. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevd.108.094518.
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Lee, Kyle, Mulligan, James, Ringer, Felix, & Yao, Xiaojun. Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model: String breaking and kinetic dissipation in a thermal medium. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.108.094518
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Lee, Kyle, Mulligan, James, Ringer, Felix, and Yao, Xiaojun. Thu . "Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model: String breaking and kinetic dissipation in a thermal medium". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.108.094518.
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@article{osti_2228432,
title = {Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model: String breaking and kinetic dissipation in a thermal medium},
author = {Lee, Kyle and Mulligan, James and Ringer, Felix and Yao, Xiaojun},
abstractNote = {Understanding the dynamics of bound state formation is one of the fundamental questions in confining quantum field theories such as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). One hadronization mechanism that has garnered significant attention is the breaking of a string initially connecting a fermion and an antifermion. Deepening our understanding of real-time string-breaking dynamics with simpler, lower dimensional models like the Schwinger model can improve our understanding of the hadronization process in QCD and other confining systems found in condensed matter and statistical systems. Here in this paper, we consider the string-breaking dynamics within the Schwinger model and investigate its modification inside a thermal medium, treating the Schwinger model as an open quantum system coupled to a thermal environment. Within the regime of weak coupling between the system and environment, the real-time evolution of the system can be described by a Lindblad evolution equation. We analyze the Liouvillian gaps of this Lindblad equation and the time dependence of the system’s von Neumann entropy. We observe that the late-time relaxation rate decreases as the environment correlation length increases. Moreover, when the environment correlation length is infinite, the system exhibits two steady states, one in each of the sectors with definite charge-conjugation-parity (CP) quantum numbers. For parameter regimes where an initial string breaks in vacuum, we observe a delay of the string breaking in the medium, due to kinetic dissipation effects. Conversely, in regimes where an initial string remains intact in vacuum time evolution, we observe string breaking (melting) in the thermal medium. We further discuss how the Liouvillian dynamics of the open Schwinger model can be simulated on quantum computers and provide an estimate of the associated Trotter errors.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevd.108.094518},
journal = {Physical Review. D.},
number = 9,
volume = 108,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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