The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics

Perez, Gabriel; Gomez-Velez, Jesus D.; Chen, Xingyuan; Scheibe, Timothy

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130422

Title: The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics

Abstract

Storm direction and storm velocity play a critical role in streamflow response; and despite evidence of ongoing changes in storm tracks around the world, there is no practical approach to efficiently assess and quantify the role of these storm properties in streamflow magnitude. We address this technical gap by introducing the Directional Unit Hydrograph (Directional-UH) model to systematically evaluate the storm hydrograph as a function of storm direction and storm velocity. The Directional-UH is based on the well-known theory of the unit hydrograph, which has served as a foundational block of multiple rainfall-runoff models for streamflow prediction. The Directional-UH relaxes the assumption of spatial uniform rainfall prescribed in the original concept of the unit hydrograph, by incorporating storm direction and storm velocity into the unit hydrograph function. The storm structure within the Directional-UH is represented by rectangular storms moving with constant velocity over a linear trajectory. We demonstrated, based on observations of extreme rainfall events, that rectangular storm representations can reproduce streamflow responses similar to those expected from actual radar rainfall observations. The Turkey River basin located in Iowa, USA, is used as a testbed to illustrate three practical applications of the Directional-UH model. First, the storm trajectory that producesmore »« less

Authors:

;

; Chen, Xingyuan;

Publication Date:: Fri Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2023

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:: 2204911

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 2205073; OSTI ID: 2251651

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-178480
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-1694; S0022169423013641; 130422; PII: S0022169423013641

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC05-00OR22725; EAR-1830172; OIA-2020814; OIA-2312326

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Journal of Hydrology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of Hydrology Journal Volume: 627 Journal Issue: PA; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-1694

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Directional unit hydrograph; Width function; Storm motion; Storm velocity; Peak flow; directional unit hydrograph; width function; storm motion; storm velocity; peak flow

Citation Formats


                    Perez, Gabriel, Gomez-Velez, Jesus D., Chen, Xingyuan, and Scheibe, Timothy. The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics.  Netherlands: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130422.

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                    Perez, Gabriel, Gomez-Velez, Jesus D., Chen, Xingyuan, & Scheibe, Timothy. The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics.  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130422

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                    Perez, Gabriel, Gomez-Velez, Jesus D., Chen, Xingyuan, and Scheibe, Timothy. Fri .  
"The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics".  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130422.

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@article{osti_2204911,

  title        = {The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics},

  author       = {Perez, Gabriel and Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. and Chen, Xingyuan and Scheibe, Timothy},

  abstractNote = {Storm direction and storm velocity play a critical role in streamflow response; and despite evidence of ongoing changes in storm tracks around the world, there is no practical approach to efficiently assess and quantify the role of these storm properties in streamflow magnitude. We address this technical gap by introducing the Directional Unit Hydrograph (Directional-UH) model to systematically evaluate the storm hydrograph as a function of storm direction and storm velocity. The Directional-UH is based on the well-known theory of the unit hydrograph, which has served as a foundational block of multiple rainfall-runoff models for streamflow prediction. The Directional-UH relaxes the assumption of spatial uniform rainfall prescribed in the original concept of the unit hydrograph, by incorporating storm direction and storm velocity into the unit hydrograph function. The storm structure within the Directional-UH is represented by rectangular storms moving with constant velocity over a linear trajectory. We demonstrated, based on observations of extreme rainfall events, that rectangular storm representations can reproduce streamflow responses similar to those expected from actual radar rainfall observations. The Turkey River basin located in Iowa, USA, is used as a testbed to illustrate three practical applications of the Directional-UH model. First, the storm trajectory that produces the highest peak flow response is identified. Second, the conditions that lead to the rainfall-runoff resonance are determined, which occurs when the storm motion and the flood wave are in sync to maximize the peak flow response. Third, streamflow responses from consecutive storm events are quantified, allowing exploration and identification of critical combinations of storm events that exacerbate the magnitude of flood events. Overall, the simple hydrological inference offered by the Directional-UH makes this model a unique and essential hydrological tool that provides new perspectives to expand our understanding of rainfall-runoff dynamics through the lenses of storm direction and storm velocity.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130422},

  journal      = {Journal of Hydrology},

  number       = PA,

  volume       = 627,

  place        = {Netherlands},

  year         = {Fri Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2023},

  month        = {Fri Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2023}

}

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Similar Records

Title: The directional unit hydrograph model: Connecting streamflow response to storm dynamics

Abstract

Citation Formats

Unit Hydrograph Derivation for Ungauged Watersheds by Stream-Order Laws journal, January 1997

Fréchet and chi-square parametric expressions combined with Horton ratios to derive a synthetic unit hydrograph journal, April 2009

Geomorphological Theory of the Hydrological Response journal, June 1996

Critical Examination of Area Reduction Factors journal, April 2014

Scale effect on geomorphologic and kinematic dispersion journal, October 2003

Analyzing Effects of Crops on SMAP Satellite-Based Soil Moisture Using a Rainfall–Runoff Model in the U.S. Corn Belt journal, January 2022

Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Methods: A Critical Review journal, March 2011

A representation of an instantaneous unit hydrograph from geomorphology journal, October 1980

Analytical modeling of the hydrologic response under moving rainstorms: Storm–catchment interaction and resonance journal, June 2013

Laboratory experiments on the influence of storm movement on overland flow journal, January 2003

Effect of the duration and direction of storm movement on planar flow with full and partial areal coverage journal, January 2002

The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical-critical perspective: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL UNIT HYDROGRAPH journal, December 2015

“It’s Raining Bits”: Patterns in Directional Precipitation Persistence across the United States journal, December 2020

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On geomorphological dispersion in natural catchments and the geomorphological unit hydrograph journal, July 1994

Investigating hydrologic responses to spatio‐temporal characteristics of storms using a Dynamic Moving Storm generator journal, July 2019

A remote sensing-based tool for assessing rainfall-driven hazards journal, April 2017

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Examining Observed Rainfall, Soil Moisture, and River Network Variabilities on Peak Flow Scaling of Rainfall‐Runoff Events with Implications on Regionalization of Peak Flow Quantiles journal, December 2019

An Approach to Determinate Stream Flow journal, January 1935

Tests of the random network model, and its application to basin hydrology journal, July 1976

Fitting a Gamma Distribution Over a Synthetic Unit Hydrograph1 journal, February 1982

Effect of channel network topology, basin segmentation and rainfall spatial distribution on the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph transfer function journal, June 2007

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Insights into storm direction effect on flood response journal, September 2021

Effects of Spatially-Distributed Rainfall on Runoff for a Conceptual Catchment journal, February 1991

What controls the width function shape, and can it be used for channel network comparison and regionalization?: WIDTH FUNCTION CONTROLS AND USE journal, August 2008

TITAN: Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting—A Radar-based Methodology journal, December 1993

Simulating North American mesoscale convective systems with a convection-permitting climate model journal, October 2017

The Influence of Spatial Variability of Width Functions on Regional Peak Flow Regressions journal, October 2018

Effect of storm movement on flood peaks: Analysis framework based on characteristic timescales: EFFECT OF STORM MOVEMENT ON FLOOD PEAKS journal, May 2012

Geomorphological dispersion journal, April 1991

Flow time estimation with spatially variable hillslope velocity in ungauged basins journal, October 2010

Field studies of the storm event hydrologic response in an urbanizing watershed: FIELD STUDIES OF URBAN HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE journal, October 2005

River routing at the continental scale: use of globally-available data and an a priori method of parameter estimation journal, March 1999

Object-Based Comparison of Data-Driven and Physics-Driven Satellite Estimates of Extreme Rainfall journal, December 2020

Storm Track Shifts under Climate Change: What Can Be Learned from Large-Scale Dry Dynamics journal, December 2013

Unit‐hydrograph lag and peak flow related to basin characteristics journal, April 1952

Process-based flood frequency analysis in an agricultural watershed exhibiting nonstationary flood seasonality journal, January 2019

The Impact of Rainfall Space‐Time Structure in Flood Frequency Analysis journal, November 2018

The geomorphologic structure of hydrologic response journal, December 1979

The relation between mainstream length and area in drainage basins journal, December 1967

A review of the synthetic unit hydrograph: from the empirical UH to advanced geomorphological methods journal, February 2014

Enhanced poleward propagation of storms under climate change journal, November 2017

Daily flow duration curve model for ungauged intermittent subbasins of gauged rivers journal, January 2022

Convergence Properties of the Nelder--Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions journal, January 1998

General and Analytic Unit Hydrograph and Its Applications journal, February 2022

GEOMORPHIC PARAMETERS PREDICT HYDROGRAPH CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SOUTHWEST1 journal, February 1977

Extreme Flood Response: The June 2008 Flooding in Iowa journal, December 2013

Using Physically Based Synthetic Peak Flows to Assess Local and Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Methods journal, November 2019

The role of rainfall spatial variability in estimating areal reduction factors journal, January 2019

The Effect of Storm Direction on Flood Frequency Analysis journal, May 2021

A parsimonious geomorphological unit hydrograph for rainfall–runoff modelling in small ungauged basins journal, December 2011

Can One Gauge the Shape of a Basin? journal, April 1995

A novel method of estimating dynamic partial contributing area for integrating subsurface flow layer into GIUH model journal, February 2023

Nonlinear Instantaneous Unit-Hydrograph Theory journal, March 1964

Object-Based Verification of Precipitation Forecasts. Part II: Application to Convective Rain Systems journal, July 2006

Hydrograph Sensitivity to Storm Kinematics journal, March 1985

Gamma synthetic hydrographs journal, May 1980

Synthetic unit‐graphs journal, August 1938

Effect of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and watershed characteristics on stream flow hydrograph journal, October 1997

Influence of rainfall spatial variability on rainfall–runoff modelling: Benefit of a simulation approach? journal, December 2015

The Effects of a Moving Rainstorm on Direct Runoff Properties journal, February 1984

A time-varying distributed unit hydrograph method considering soil moisture journal, October 2022

Unit Hydrograph Derivation for Ungauged Watersheds by Stream-Order Laws
journal, January 1997

Fréchet and chi-square parametric expressions combined with Horton ratios to derive a synthetic unit hydrograph
journal, April 2009

Geomorphological Theory of the Hydrological Response
journal, June 1996

Critical Examination of Area Reduction Factors
journal, April 2014

Scale effect on geomorphologic and kinematic dispersion
journal, October 2003

Analyzing Effects of Crops on SMAP Satellite-Based Soil Moisture Using a Rainfall–Runoff Model in the U.S. Corn Belt
journal, January 2022

Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Methods: A Critical Review
journal, March 2011

A representation of an instantaneous unit hydrograph from geomorphology
journal, October 1980

Analytical modeling of the hydrologic response under moving rainstorms: Storm–catchment interaction and resonance
journal, June 2013

Laboratory experiments on the influence of storm movement on overland flow
journal, January 2003

Effect of the duration and direction of storm movement on planar flow with full and partial areal coverage
journal, January 2002

The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical-critical perspective: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL UNIT HYDROGRAPH
journal, December 2015

“It’s Raining Bits”: Patterns in Directional Precipitation Persistence across the United States
journal, December 2020

Network configuration and hydrograph sensitivity to storm kinematics: NETWORK CONFIGURATION AND HYDROGRAPH SENSITIVITY
journal, April 2013

On geomorphological dispersion in natural catchments and the geomorphological unit hydrograph
journal, July 1994

Investigating hydrologic responses to spatio‐temporal characteristics of storms using a Dynamic Moving Storm generator
journal, July 2019

A remote sensing-based tool for assessing rainfall-driven hazards
journal, April 2017

Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Development for Ungauged Basins Using Dimensional Analysis
journal, March 2016

Examining Observed Rainfall, Soil Moisture, and River Network Variabilities on Peak Flow Scaling of Rainfall‐Runoff Events with Implications on Regionalization of Peak Flow Quantiles
journal, December 2019

An Approach to Determinate Stream Flow
journal, January 1935

Tests of the random network model, and its application to basin hydrology
journal, July 1976

Fitting a Gamma Distribution Over a Synthetic Unit Hydrograph¹
journal, February 1982

Effect of channel network topology, basin segmentation and rainfall spatial distribution on the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph transfer function
journal, June 2007

Effects of hillslope dynamics and network geometry on the scaling properties of the hydrologic response
journal, November 2011

Insights into storm direction effect on flood response
journal, September 2021

Effects of Spatially-Distributed Rainfall on Runoff for a Conceptual Catchment
journal, February 1991

What controls the width function shape, and can it be used for channel network comparison and regionalization?: WIDTH FUNCTION CONTROLS AND USE
journal, August 2008

TITAN: Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting—A Radar-based Methodology
journal, December 1993

Simulating North American mesoscale convective systems with a convection-permitting climate model
journal, October 2017

The Influence of Spatial Variability of Width Functions on Regional Peak Flow Regressions
journal, October 2018

Effect of storm movement on flood peaks: Analysis framework based on characteristic timescales: EFFECT OF STORM MOVEMENT ON FLOOD PEAKS
journal, May 2012

Geomorphological dispersion
journal, April 1991

Flow time estimation with spatially variable hillslope velocity in ungauged basins
journal, October 2010

Field studies of the storm event hydrologic response in an urbanizing watershed: FIELD STUDIES OF URBAN HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE
journal, October 2005

River routing at the continental scale: use of globally-available data and an a priori method of parameter estimation
journal, March 1999

Object-Based Comparison of Data-Driven and Physics-Driven Satellite Estimates of Extreme Rainfall
journal, December 2020

Storm Track Shifts under Climate Change: What Can Be Learned from Large-Scale Dry Dynamics
journal, December 2013

Unit‐hydrograph lag and peak flow related to basin characteristics
journal, April 1952

Process-based flood frequency analysis in an agricultural watershed exhibiting nonstationary flood seasonality
journal, January 2019

The Impact of Rainfall Space‐Time Structure in Flood Frequency Analysis
journal, November 2018

The geomorphologic structure of hydrologic response
journal, December 1979

The relation between mainstream length and area in drainage basins
journal, December 1967

A review of the synthetic unit hydrograph: from the empirical UH to advanced geomorphological methods
journal, February 2014

Enhanced poleward propagation of storms under climate change
journal, November 2017

Daily flow duration curve model for ungauged intermittent subbasins of gauged rivers
journal, January 2022

Convergence Properties of the Nelder--Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions
journal, January 1998

General and Analytic Unit Hydrograph and Its Applications
journal, February 2022

GEOMORPHIC PARAMETERS PREDICT HYDROGRAPH CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SOUTHWEST¹
journal, February 1977

Extreme Flood Response: The June 2008 Flooding in Iowa
journal, December 2013

Using Physically Based Synthetic Peak Flows to Assess Local and Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Methods
journal, November 2019

The role of rainfall spatial variability in estimating areal reduction factors
journal, January 2019

The Effect of Storm Direction on Flood Frequency Analysis
journal, May 2021

A parsimonious geomorphological unit hydrograph for rainfall–runoff modelling in small ungauged basins
journal, December 2011

Can One Gauge the Shape of a Basin?
journal, April 1995

A novel method of estimating dynamic partial contributing area for integrating subsurface flow layer into GIUH model
journal, February 2023

Nonlinear Instantaneous Unit-Hydrograph Theory
journal, March 1964

Object-Based Verification of Precipitation Forecasts. Part II: Application to Convective Rain Systems
journal, July 2006

Hydrograph Sensitivity to Storm Kinematics
journal, March 1985

Gamma synthetic hydrographs
journal, May 1980

Synthetic unit‐graphs
journal, August 1938

Effect of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and watershed characteristics on stream flow hydrograph
journal, October 1997

Influence of rainfall spatial variability on rainfall–runoff modelling: Benefit of a simulation approach?
journal, December 2015

The Effects of a Moving Rainstorm on Direct Runoff Properties
journal, February 1984

A time-varying distributed unit hydrograph method considering soil moisture
journal, October 2022