NdFeB Permanent Magnet Uses, Projected Growth Rates and Nd Plus Dy Demands across End-Use Sectors through 2050: A Review
Abstract
Rare earth element (REE) permanent magnets (NdFeB) are a critical element in a vast and growing number of industrial applications. In consumer electronics, a broad category encompassing computer, CD, and DVD hard drives, in addition to the ubiquitous cell phones, the nominal NdFeB magnet content may be small, but the global market share for this sector accounts for almost 30% of NdFeB demand, due to a large and continually increasing consumer base. It is estimated that wind turbines that primarily employ permanent magnets will add roughly 110 GW annually of on- and off-shore capability over the next few years. Electric vehicles (EVs) and E-bicycles (EBs) equipped with permanent magnet motors comprise the transportation contribution. Permanent magnet motors have garnered nearly 100% of the market share among EV manufacturers worldwide. Industrial, professional service, and personal robots, most using permanent magnets, are also included in the projected global need for rare earths, particularly Nd and Dy. The sector projects significant growth of approximately 10% across robotic categories. In this paper, we calculate the future demand for Nd and Dy through 2050 across these sectors using a compounded annual growth rate coupled with magnet weight and rare earth content. Uncertainties in the estimates,more »
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2007095
- Grant/Contract Number:
- UCFER 0007-PSU-DOE-6825; FE0026825
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Minerals
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Minerals Journal Volume: 13 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2075-163X
- Publisher:
- MDPI AG
- Country of Publication:
- Switzerland
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Heim, II, James W., and Vander Wal, Randy L. NdFeB Permanent Magnet Uses, Projected Growth Rates and Nd Plus Dy Demands across End-Use Sectors through 2050: A Review. Switzerland: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.3390/min13101274.
Heim, II, James W., & Vander Wal, Randy L. NdFeB Permanent Magnet Uses, Projected Growth Rates and Nd Plus Dy Demands across End-Use Sectors through 2050: A Review. Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101274
Heim, II, James W., and Vander Wal, Randy L. Fri .
"NdFeB Permanent Magnet Uses, Projected Growth Rates and Nd Plus Dy Demands across End-Use Sectors through 2050: A Review". Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101274.
@article{osti_2007095,
title = {NdFeB Permanent Magnet Uses, Projected Growth Rates and Nd Plus Dy Demands across End-Use Sectors through 2050: A Review},
author = {Heim, II, James W. and Vander Wal, Randy L.},
abstractNote = {Rare earth element (REE) permanent magnets (NdFeB) are a critical element in a vast and growing number of industrial applications. In consumer electronics, a broad category encompassing computer, CD, and DVD hard drives, in addition to the ubiquitous cell phones, the nominal NdFeB magnet content may be small, but the global market share for this sector accounts for almost 30% of NdFeB demand, due to a large and continually increasing consumer base. It is estimated that wind turbines that primarily employ permanent magnets will add roughly 110 GW annually of on- and off-shore capability over the next few years. Electric vehicles (EVs) and E-bicycles (EBs) equipped with permanent magnet motors comprise the transportation contribution. Permanent magnet motors have garnered nearly 100% of the market share among EV manufacturers worldwide. Industrial, professional service, and personal robots, most using permanent magnets, are also included in the projected global need for rare earths, particularly Nd and Dy. The sector projects significant growth of approximately 10% across robotic categories. In this paper, we calculate the future demand for Nd and Dy through 2050 across these sectors using a compounded annual growth rate coupled with magnet weight and rare earth content. Uncertainties in the estimates, such as the true global production of Nd, a range of end-product scales and/or unit types in each sector, varied magnet compositions, and the variety of uses within a sector, are all considered.},
doi = {10.3390/min13101274},
journal = {Minerals},
number = 10,
volume = 13,
place = {Switzerland},
year = {Fri Sep 29 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Fri Sep 29 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101274
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