Organic matter sulfurization and organic carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic
Abstract
Throughout the Proterozoic Era, sedimentary organic carbon burial helped set the pace of global oxygenation and acted as a major modulator of atmospheric CO2 and climate. Although Proterozoic rocks generally contain low concentrations of organic matter (OM), there are key exceptions to this rule, including the relatively OM-rich Arctic Bay shales from Baffin Island, Canada (Bylot Supergroup, Borden Basin, ~1.05 Ga). The mechanisms driving elevated OM concentrations in these and other Proterozoic shales remain poorly understood. In the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, organic matter sulfurization can be a major driver of enhanced OM burial across a range of redox conditions comparable to those inferred for many Proterozoic environments. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the role of sulfurization in driving OM preservation in the Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin and discuss its relevance to Proterozoic systems in general. We present the first evidence for syngenetic-to-early-diagenetic OM sulfurization in a Proterozoic basin, which begins to fill a several-billion-year gap in our record of organic S across Earth history. We find that OM sulfurization was particularly extensive in shales from a relatively shallow-water section (Alpha River) but less extensive in shales deposited in deeper water (Shale Valley), which is consistent with models that infer sulfidicmore »
- Authors:
-
[4];
[4];
- Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States)
- Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim (Norway)
- Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2004429
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; P30GM133894
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 347; Journal ID: ISSN 0016-7037
- Publisher:
- Elsevier; The Geochemical Society; The Meteoritical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Mesoproterozoic; Sulfur isotopes; Organic sulfur; Organic carbon burial; Redox conditions; Sulfurization
Citation Formats
Raven, Morgan Reed, Crockford, Peter W., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Lyons, Timothy W., Tino, Christopher J., and Webb, Samuel M. Organic matter sulfurization and organic carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2023.02.020.
Raven, Morgan Reed, Crockford, Peter W., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Lyons, Timothy W., Tino, Christopher J., & Webb, Samuel M. Organic matter sulfurization and organic carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.02.020
Raven, Morgan Reed, Crockford, Peter W., Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W., Lyons, Timothy W., Tino, Christopher J., and Webb, Samuel M. Mon .
"Organic matter sulfurization and organic carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.02.020. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2004429.
@article{osti_2004429,
title = {Organic matter sulfurization and organic carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic},
author = {Raven, Morgan Reed and Crockford, Peter W. and Hodgskiss, Malcolm S.W. and Lyons, Timothy W. and Tino, Christopher J. and Webb, Samuel M.},
abstractNote = {Throughout the Proterozoic Era, sedimentary organic carbon burial helped set the pace of global oxygenation and acted as a major modulator of atmospheric CO2 and climate. Although Proterozoic rocks generally contain low concentrations of organic matter (OM), there are key exceptions to this rule, including the relatively OM-rich Arctic Bay shales from Baffin Island, Canada (Bylot Supergroup, Borden Basin, ~1.05 Ga). The mechanisms driving elevated OM concentrations in these and other Proterozoic shales remain poorly understood. In the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, organic matter sulfurization can be a major driver of enhanced OM burial across a range of redox conditions comparable to those inferred for many Proterozoic environments. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the role of sulfurization in driving OM preservation in the Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin and discuss its relevance to Proterozoic systems in general. We present the first evidence for syngenetic-to-early-diagenetic OM sulfurization in a Proterozoic basin, which begins to fill a several-billion-year gap in our record of organic S across Earth history. We find that OM sulfurization was particularly extensive in shales from a relatively shallow-water section (Alpha River) but less extensive in shales deposited in deeper water (Shale Valley), which is consistent with models that infer sulfidic ‘wedges’ or O2-minimum-zone-type structures on shelf margins at least intermittently at this time. At the shallower site, organic S and pyrite are similarly 34S-depleted and thus likely formed at roughly the same time near the sediment–water interface under conditions previously interpreted to have been ferruginous to intermittently sulfidic. In contrast, at the deeper-water site, large S-isotope differences between pyrite and organic S along with low apparent OM sulfurization intensities indicate that pyrite formation was favored over OM sulfurization during early sedimentation under variable but primarily ferruginous conditions. Although Mesoproterozoic biomass can be substantially sulfurized, indicators of sulfurization intensity are not correlated with OM concentrations, and therefore sulfurization does not appear to have been the primary driver of enhanced OM concentrations in Arctic Bay Formation shales. The link between sulfurization and total OM preservation may have been modulated during the deposition of Arctic Bay Formation shales by differences in iron availability, nutrient cycling, and particle dynamics in the Mesoproterozoic.},
doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2023.02.020},
journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
number = ,
volume = 347,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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