Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: A Comparative Review of Acidic and Alkaline Systems

Berretti, Enrico; Osmieri, Luigi; Baglio, Vincenzo; Miller, Hamish A.; Filippi, Jonathan; Vizza, Francesco; Santamaria, Monica; Specchia, Stefania; Santoro, Carlo; Lavacchi, Alessandro

doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00189-3

Title: Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: A Comparative Review of Acidic and Alkaline Systems

Journal Article · 24 August 2023 · Electrochemical Energy Reviews

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-023-00189-3 · OSTI ID:1998120

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National Research Council (CNR), Florence (Italy)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
National Research Council (CNR), Messina (Italy)
University of Palermo (Italy)
National Research Council (CNR), Messina (Italy); Polytechnic Univ. of Turin (Italy)
Univ. di Milano (Italy)

In the last 20 years, direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have been the subject of tremendous research efforts for the potential application as on-demand power sources. Two leading technologies respectively based on proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have emerged: the first one operating in an acidic environment and conducting protons; the second one operating in alkaline electrolytes and conducting hydroxyl ions. In this review, we present an analysis of the state-of-the-art acidic and alkaline DAFCs fed with methanol and ethanol with the purpose to support a comparative analysis of acidic and alkaline systems, which is missing in the current literature. A special focus is placed on the effect of the reaction stoichiometry in acidic and alkaline systems. Particularly, we point out that, in alkaline systems, OH^– participates stoichiometrically to reactions, and that alcohol oxidation products are anions. This aspect must be considered when designing the fuel and when making an energy evaluation from a whole system perspective.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1998120

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-22-25869

Journal Information:: Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 6, Issue 1; ISSN 2520-8489

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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