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Title: Power Flow Models of Grid-Forming Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Grids

Abstract

Load unbalance in electric distribution systems is unavoidable. Unbalanced load currents will lead to negative sequence (NS) voltages that may damage electric equipment. Unbalanced power flow analysis is a common tool to detect and mitigate NS voltage issues and requires accurate models of grid components. While traditional source models are available, grid-forming (GFM) inverter models are not well developed. GFM inverters implement various control strategies, which affect their power flow models. Here, in this paper, a novel GFM inverter model considering control effects is proposed. We show that for some control methods, unbalanced system loading will lead to unbalanced terminal voltages of the GFM inverters, which are modeled through an equivalent negative sequence impedance. The proposed models are initially validated using a simple test circuit. Then, they are applied in the power flow analysis on the IEEE 13-bus and 34-bus systems to demonstrate the accuracy improvement over the state-of-the-art. Using time-domain simulations as benchmarks, we show that the proposed models reduce the calculation error of negative sequence voltages by at least 25% in unbalanced distribution systems.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  2. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1991722
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; EE0002243
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 39; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0885-8950
Publisher:
IEEE
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION; grid-forming inverter; power flow model; unbalanced load; distribution system; microgrids

Citation Formats

Li, Dingrui, Su, Yu, Wang, Fred, Olama, Mohammed, Ollis, Ben, and Ferrari, Maximiliano. Power Flow Models of Grid-Forming Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Grids. United States: N. p., 2023. Web. doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2023.3290611.
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Li, Dingrui, Su, Yu, Wang, Fred, Olama, Mohammed, Ollis, Ben, & Ferrari, Maximiliano. Power Flow Models of Grid-Forming Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Grids. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2023.3290611
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Li, Dingrui, Su, Yu, Wang, Fred, Olama, Mohammed, Ollis, Ben, and Ferrari, Maximiliano. Mon . "Power Flow Models of Grid-Forming Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Grids". United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2023.3290611.
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@article{osti_1991722,
title = {Power Flow Models of Grid-Forming Inverters in Unbalanced Distribution Grids},
author = {Li, Dingrui and Su, Yu and Wang, Fred and Olama, Mohammed and Ollis, Ben and Ferrari, Maximiliano},
abstractNote = {Load unbalance in electric distribution systems is unavoidable. Unbalanced load currents will lead to negative sequence (NS) voltages that may damage electric equipment. Unbalanced power flow analysis is a common tool to detect and mitigate NS voltage issues and requires accurate models of grid components. While traditional source models are available, grid-forming (GFM) inverter models are not well developed. GFM inverters implement various control strategies, which affect their power flow models. Here, in this paper, a novel GFM inverter model considering control effects is proposed. We show that for some control methods, unbalanced system loading will lead to unbalanced terminal voltages of the GFM inverters, which are modeled through an equivalent negative sequence impedance. The proposed models are initially validated using a simple test circuit. Then, they are applied in the power flow analysis on the IEEE 13-bus and 34-bus systems to demonstrate the accuracy improvement over the state-of-the-art. Using time-domain simulations as benchmarks, we show that the proposed models reduce the calculation error of negative sequence voltages by at least 25% in unbalanced distribution systems.},
doi = {10.1109/tpwrs.2023.3290611},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
number = 2,
volume = 39,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 03 00:00:00 EDT 2023},
month = {Mon Jul 03 00:00:00 EDT 2023}
}
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Journal Article:
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This content will become publicly available on July 3, 2024
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https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2023.3290611
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