Designing an Observing System to Study the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) of the Earth in the 2020s

Stavros, E. Natasha; Chrone, Jon; Cawse‐Nicholson, Kerry; Freeman, Anthony; Glenn, Nancy F.; Guild, Liane; Kokaly, Raymond; Lee, Christine; Luvall, Jeffrey; Pavlick, Ryan; Poulter, Benjamin; Schollaert Uz, Stephanie; Serbin, Shawn; Thompson, David R.; Townsend, Philip A.; Turpie, Kevin; Yuen, Karen; Thome, Kurt; Wang, Weile; Zareh, Shannon‐Kian; Nastal, Jamie; Bearden, David; Miller, Charles E.; Schimel, David

doi:10.1029/2021JG006471

Title: Designing an Observing System to Study the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) of the Earth in the 2020s

Journal Article · Wed Jan 18 00:00:00 UTC 2023 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006471 · OSTI ID:1984147

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA USA
Boise State University Boise ID USA
NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA USA
United States Geological Survey Reston VA USA
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville AL USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA
Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA, University of Maryland Baltimore County Greenbelt MD USA

Abstract Observations of planet Earth from space are a critical resource for science and society. Satellite measurements represent very large investments and United States (US) agencies organize their effort to maximize the return on that investment. The US National Research Council conducts a survey of Earth science and applications to prioritize observations for the coming decade. The most recent survey prioritized a visible to shortwave infrared imaging spectrometer and a multispectral thermal infrared imager to meet a range of needs for studying Surface Biology and Geology (SBG). SBG will be the premier integrated observatory for observing the emerging impacts of climate change by characterizing the diversity of plant life and resolving chemical and physiological signatures. It will address wildfire risk, behavior, and recovery as well as responses to hazards such as oil spills, toxic minerals in minelands, harmful algal blooms, landslides, and other geological hazards. The SBG team analyzed needed instrument characteristics (spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions, measurement uncertainty) and assessed the cost, mass, power, volume, and risk of different architectures. We present an overview of the Research and Applications trade‐study analysis of algorithms, calibration and validation needs, and societal applications with specifics of substudies detailed in other articles in this special collection. We provide a value framework to converge from hundreds down to three candidate architectures recommended for development. The analysis identified valuable opportunities for international collaboration to increase the revisit frequency, adding value for all partners, leading to a clear measurement strategy for an observing system architecture.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1984147

Report Number(s):: BNL-223045-2022-JAAM; e2021JG006471

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 128; ISSN 2169-8953

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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biology
geology
imaging spectroscopy
satellite

Title: Designing an Observing System to Study the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) of the Earth in the 2020s

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