Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction

Witteman, Liam; Rippy, Kerry; Taylor, Patrick; Vidal, Judith

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acd878

Title: Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction

Abstract

We present a study on the electrochemical behavior of magnesium hydroxide (MgOH ⁺ ) reduction on a tungsten (W) cathode in molten chloride salt (MgCl ₂ -KCl-NaCl) across the temperature range of 475 °C–525 °C. MgOH ⁺ , which forms within the salt upon exposure to moisture, is a leading cause of corrosion. Corrosion is a major barrier to deployment of chloride salts across a number of applications, including concentrating solar power plants and nuclear power plants. While pre-purification protocols have been developed to ensure MgOH ⁺ is removed from molten chloride salts prior to deployment, MgOH ⁺ forms in situ during operation of chloride-salt based plants. Thus, methods for continuous purification during plant operation are needed. Continuous electrochemical purification via electrolysis using a Mg anode and W cathode has been proposed, but little has been done to assess scalability. Here, we assess fundamental properties of electrochemical removal of MgOH ⁺ to enable future scale up of this method.

Authors:

;

; Taylor, Patrick;

Publication Date:: Fri Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Research Org.:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1983458

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1975151; OSTI ID: 1986510

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5500-85974
Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; 35931

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Volume: 170 Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 14 SOLAR ENERGY; chloride salts; concentrating solar power; corrosion control; molten salt electrochemistry; molten salt purification

Citation Formats


                    Witteman, Liam, Rippy, Kerry, Taylor, Patrick, and Vidal, Judith. Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acd878.

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                    Witteman, Liam, Rippy, Kerry, Taylor, Patrick, & Vidal, Judith. Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acd878

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                    Witteman, Liam, Rippy, Kerry, Taylor, Patrick, and Vidal, Judith. Fri .  
"Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acd878.

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@article{osti_1983458,

  title        = {Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction},

  author       = {Witteman, Liam and Rippy, Kerry and Taylor, Patrick and Vidal, Judith},

  abstractNote = {We present a study on the electrochemical behavior of magnesium hydroxide (MgOH + ) reduction on a tungsten (W) cathode in molten chloride salt (MgCl 2 -KCl-NaCl) across the temperature range of 475 °C–525 °C. MgOH + , which forms within the salt upon exposure to moisture, is a leading cause of corrosion. Corrosion is a major barrier to deployment of chloride salts across a number of applications, including concentrating solar power plants and nuclear power plants. While pre-purification protocols have been developed to ensure MgOH + is removed from molten chloride salts prior to deployment, MgOH + forms in situ during operation of chloride-salt based plants. Thus, methods for continuous purification during plant operation are needed. Continuous electrochemical purification via electrolysis using a Mg anode and W cathode has been proposed, but little has been done to assess scalability. Here, we assess fundamental properties of electrochemical removal of MgOH + to enable future scale up of this method.},

  doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/acd878},

  journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 170,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Fri Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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Title: Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction

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Peak heights and peak widths at half-height in square wave voltammetry without and with ohmic potential drop for reversible and irreversible systems journal, March 2011

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Review—Concentration Measurements In Molten Chloride Salts Using Electrochemical Methods
journal, December 2021

Molten chloride salt technology for next-generation CSP plants: Compatibility of Fe-based alloys with purified molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt at 700 °C
journal, October 2022

Electrode Behavior of Hydrogen Reduction in LiCl-KCl Melt. Voltammetric Analysis
journal, January 2000

Assessment of effects of Mg treatment on corrosivity of molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 salt with Raman and Infrared spectra
journal, March 2020

Methods for Determining the Working Electrode Interfacial Area for Electroanalytical Measurements of Metal Ions in Molten LiCl-KCl
journal, August 2016

Method Development for Quantitative Analysis of Actinides in Molten Salts
journal, January 2015

Potential scalability of a cost-effective purification method for MgCl2-Containing salts for next-generation concentrating solar power technologies
journal, September 2020

A Robust Alumina Membrane Reference Electrode for High Temperature Molten Salts
journal, January 2012

Molten chloride salts for next generation concentrated solar power plants: Mitigation strategies against corrosion of structural materials
journal, May 2019

Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review
journal, September 2019

Sensible energy storage options for concentrating solar power plants operating above 600 °C
journal, June 2019

Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies
journal, January 2016

Corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloys in molten NaCl-CaCl 2 -MgCl 2 eutectic salt for concentrating solar power
journal, October 2017

How Much Supporting Electrolyte Is Required to Make a Cyclic Voltammetry Experiment Quantitatively “Diffusional”? A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation
journal, June 2009

Electrodeposition of magnesium from halide melts—charge transfer and diffusion kinetics
journal, January 1997

Electrochemical behavior of LaCl3 and morphology of La deposit on molybdenum substrate in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt
journal, February 2014

A novel purification method for fluoride or chloride molten salts based on the redox of hydrogen on a nickel electrode
journal, January 2021

Progress in Research and Development of Molten Chloride Salt Technology for Next Generation Concentrated Solar Power Plants
journal, March 2021

Thermophysical Properties Experimentally Tested for NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 Eutectic Molten Salt as a Next-Generation High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids in Concentrated Solar Power Systems
journal, January 2021

Purification strategy and effect of impurities on corrosivity of dehydrated carnallite for thermal solar applications
journal, January 2019

Molten Salts and Applications III: Worldwide Molten Salt Technology Developments in Energy Production and Storage
journal, November 2018

Oscillographic Polarographic Waves for the Reversible Deposition of Metals on Solid Electrodes
journal, February 1953

Engineering Database of Liquid Salt Thermophysical and Thermochemical Properties
report, March 2010

Multielectrode array sensors to enable long-duration corrosion monitoring and control of concentrating solar power systems
journal, March 2021

Effect of excess Mg to control corrosion in molten MgCl2 and KCl eutectic salt mixture
journal, January 2022

Past research and future strategies for molten chlorides application in concentrated solar power technology
journal, April 2022

Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems – A review
journal, May 2015

A Practical Beginner’s Guide to Cyclic Voltammetry
journal, November 2017

A complementary survey of staircase voltammetry with metal ion deposition on macroelectrodes
journal, October 2015

Corrosion of alloys in a chloride molten salt (NaCl-LiCl) for solar thermal technologies
journal, December 2016