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Title: Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways and Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalysis

Abstract

Abstract Hybrid plasmonic nanostructures are built on plasmonic metalnanostructures surrounded by catalytic metals or metal oxides. Recent studies have shown that hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts can concurrently utilize thermal energy and photon stimuli and exhibit high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability that are not attainable in conventional purely thermally activated catalytic processes. The hybrid plasmonic photocatalytic approach has recently emerged as an attractive concept for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, the distributed synthesis of valuable chemicals such as ammonia with little to no requirement of external heating, and the development of coke‐resistant and selective catalytic processes. The field of hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis has grown tremendously in the last decade. In this review article, the advantages of visible‐light‐augmented hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis over conventional pure thermally activated heterogeneous catalysis are discussed. Fundamental insights are provided into photocatalytic mechanisms by which the photoexcited charge carriers (electrons and holes) are formed and transferred to adsorbates triggering chemical transformations on the surface of hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts. Computational modeling used for predicting and understanding the photocatalytic activity and selectivity on hybrid plasmonic nanostructures is also reviewed. The review closes with a discussion of the current challenges, new opportunities, and future outlook for hybrid plasmonicmore » photocatalysis.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (United States)
  2. University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
  3. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology; National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1976227
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1831549
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0020300; CBET-2102238; CHE-1455011; DE‐SC0020300
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Advanced Optical Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 22; Journal ID: ISSN 2195-1071
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; solar; nanoparticles; surface plasmon; oxide; energy

Citation Formats

Ramakrishnan, Sundaram Bhardwaj, Mohammadparast, Farshid, Dadgar, Andishaeh P., Mou, Tong, Le, Tien, Wang, Bin, Jain, Prashant K., and Andiappan, Marimuthu. Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways and Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalysis. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1002/adom.202101128.
Ramakrishnan, Sundaram Bhardwaj, Mohammadparast, Farshid, Dadgar, Andishaeh P., Mou, Tong, Le, Tien, Wang, Bin, Jain, Prashant K., & Andiappan, Marimuthu. Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways and Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalysis. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101128
Ramakrishnan, Sundaram Bhardwaj, Mohammadparast, Farshid, Dadgar, Andishaeh P., Mou, Tong, Le, Tien, Wang, Bin, Jain, Prashant K., and Andiappan, Marimuthu. Thu . "Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways and Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalysis". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101128. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1976227.
@article{osti_1976227,
title = {Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways and Photocatalytic Mechanisms in Hybrid Plasmonic Photocatalysis},
author = {Ramakrishnan, Sundaram Bhardwaj and Mohammadparast, Farshid and Dadgar, Andishaeh P. and Mou, Tong and Le, Tien and Wang, Bin and Jain, Prashant K. and Andiappan, Marimuthu},
abstractNote = {Abstract Hybrid plasmonic nanostructures are built on plasmonic metalnanostructures surrounded by catalytic metals or metal oxides. Recent studies have shown that hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts can concurrently utilize thermal energy and photon stimuli and exhibit high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability that are not attainable in conventional purely thermally activated catalytic processes. The hybrid plasmonic photocatalytic approach has recently emerged as an attractive concept for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, the distributed synthesis of valuable chemicals such as ammonia with little to no requirement of external heating, and the development of coke‐resistant and selective catalytic processes. The field of hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis has grown tremendously in the last decade. In this review article, the advantages of visible‐light‐augmented hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis over conventional pure thermally activated heterogeneous catalysis are discussed. Fundamental insights are provided into photocatalytic mechanisms by which the photoexcited charge carriers (electrons and holes) are formed and transferred to adsorbates triggering chemical transformations on the surface of hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts. Computational modeling used for predicting and understanding the photocatalytic activity and selectivity on hybrid plasmonic nanostructures is also reviewed. The review closes with a discussion of the current challenges, new opportunities, and future outlook for hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis.},
doi = {10.1002/adom.202101128},
journal = {Advanced Optical Materials},
number = 22,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Thu Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}

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Plasmon-Resonant Enhancement of Photocatalysis on Monolayer WSe 2
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Hot electron and thermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis
journal, July 2020

  • Mascaretti, Luca; Naldoni, Alberto
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 128, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/5.0013945

High-Temperature Photocatalytic Ethylene Oxidation over TiO 2
journal, August 2011

  • Westrich, Thomas A.; Dahlberg, Kevin A.; Kaviany, Massoud
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp204405h

Confirming nonthermal plasmonic effects enhance CO2 methanation on Rh/TiO2 catalysts
journal, June 2019


The physics and chemistry of the Schottky barrier height
journal, January 2014


Quantifying Losses and Assessing the Photovoltage Limits in Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Water Splitting Systems
journal, February 2020

  • Hemmerling, John; Quinn, Joseph; Linic, Suljo
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201903354

Optically induced transport through semiconductor-based molecular electronics
journal, April 2015

  • Li, Guangqi; Fainberg, Boris D.; Seideman, Tamar
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 142, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4917029

Cooperation of Hot Holes and Surface Adsorbates in Plasmon-Driven Anisotropic Growth of Gold Nanostars
journal, June 2020

  • Guo, Wenxiao; Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Zhang, Yuchao
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03342

Tuning Selectivity in Propylene Epoxidation by Plasmon Mediated Photo-Switching of Cu Oxidation State
journal, March 2013


Plasmon Resonance Energy Transfer (PRET)-based Molecular Imaging of Cytochrome c in Living Cells
journal, January 2009

  • Choi, Yeonho; Kang, Taewook; Lee, Luke P.
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl802511z

Activation Energies of Plasmonic Catalysts
journal, April 2016


Control of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Metal Oxide Nanocrystals
journal, July 2017


Advances in Transition Metal (Pd,Ni,Fe)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Alkyl-organometallics as Reaction Partners
journal, March 2011

  • Jana, Ranjan; Pathak, Tejas P.; Sigman, Matthew S.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 111, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr100327p

Isotope Effects in Plasmonic Photosynthesis
journal, October 2020

  • Yu, Sungju; Jain, Prashant K.
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 50
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011805

Plasmon-Mediated Catalytic O 2 Dissociation on Ag Nanostructures: Hot Electrons or Near Fields?
journal, July 2019


Highly efficient self-esterification of aliphatic alcohols using supported gold nanoparticles under mild conditions
journal, November 2016


Optical Parameters for the Materials in HOC I and HOC II
book, January 1998


Deterministic Construction of Plasmonic Heterostructures in Well-Organized Arrays for Nanophotonic Materials
journal, October 2015

  • Liu, Xiaoying; Biswas, Sushmita; Jarrett, Jeremy W.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503336

Plasmonic metal–semiconductor photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells: a review
journal, January 2018


Size-Controlled Synthesis of Nanoparticles. 2. Measurement of Extinction, Scattering, and Absorption Cross Sections
journal, September 2004

  • Evanoff, David D.; Chumanov, George
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp0475640

Optical Generation of Hot Plasmonic Carriers in Metal Nanocrystals: The Effects of Shape and Field Enhancement
journal, March 2014

  • Zhang, Hui; Govorov, Alexander O.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp500009k

Tuning Chemical Interface Damping: Interfacial Electronic Effects of Adsorbate Molecules and Sharp Tips of Single Gold Bipyramids
journal, March 2019


Surface Plasmon Excitation and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Using Two-Dimensionally Close-Packed Gold Nanoparticles
journal, June 2009

  • Hossain, Mohammad Kamal; Kitahama, Yasutaka; Biju, Vasudevanpillai
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp901635d

Visible light-induced photocatalytic reaction of gold-modified titanium(iv) oxide particles: action spectrum analysis
journal, January 2009

  • Kowalska, Ewa; Abe, Ryu; Ohtani, Bunsho
  • Chem. Commun., Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/B815679D

Exciton lifetime, Auger recombination, and exciton transport by calibrated differential absorption spectroscopy in Cu 2 O
journal, June 2002


Plasmonic photosynthesis of C1–C3 hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide assisted by an ionic liquid
journal, May 2019


Determining plasmonic hot-carrier energy distributions via single-molecule transport measurements
journal, June 2020


Oxidation-stable plasmonic copper nanoparticles in photocatalytic TiO 2 nanoarchitectures
journal, January 2017

  • DeSario, Paul A.; Pietron, Jeremy J.; Brintlinger, Todd H.
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7NR04805J

Amplified Generation of Hot Electrons and Quantum Surface Effects in Nanoparticle Dimers with Plasmonic Hot Spots
journal, August 2016

  • Besteiro, Lucas V.; Govorov, Alexander O.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05968

Towards the computational design of solid catalysts
journal, April 2009

  • Nørskov, J.; Bligaard, T.; Rossmeisl, J.
  • Nature Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 1, p. 37-46
  • DOI: 10.1038/nchem.121

Surface-Plasmon-Mediated Hydrogenation of Carbonyls Catalyzed by Silver Nanocubes under Visible Light
journal, August 2017


Excited-State N 2 Dissociation Pathway on Fe-Functionalized Au
journal, March 2017

  • Martirez, John Mark P.; Carter, Emily A.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12301

The Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi Relation and the Volcano Plot for Ammonia Synthesis over Transition Metal Catalysts
journal, January 2001

  • Logadottir, A.; Rod, T. H.; Nørskov, J. K.
  • Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 197, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2000.3087

Plasmonic catalysis for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using palladium nanoflowers
journal, January 2019

  • Sarhid, Iyad; Abdellah, Ibrahim; Martini, Cyril
  • New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ06370B

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles and Arrays
journal, July 2005


Plasmon-Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Iron Oxide on Gold Nanopillars
journal, December 2011

  • Gao, Hanwei; Liu, Chong; Jeong, Hoon Eui
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn203457a

Plasmon resonant amplification of hot electron-driven photocatalysis
journal, September 2018

  • Shen, Lang; Gibson, George N.; Poudel, Nirakar
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5048582

Polarizability of small spherical metal particles: influence of the matrix environment
journal, January 1993


The Role of Photon Energy and Semiconductor Substrate in the Plasmon-Mediated Photooxidation of Citrate by Silver Nanoparticles
journal, November 2013

  • Thrall, Elizabeth S.; Preska Steinberg, Asher; Wu, Xiaomu
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 49
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp409586z

Plasmonic Harvesting of Light Energy for Suzuki Coupling Reactions
journal, April 2013

  • Wang, Feng; Li, Chuanhao; Chen, Huanjun
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja310501y

Universality in Heterogeneous Catalysis
journal, July 2002

  • Nørskov, J. K.; Bligaard, T.; Logadottir, A.
  • Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 209, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2002.3615

Plasmonic Photoelectrochemistry: Functional Materials Based on Photoinduced Reversible Redox Reactions of Metal Nanoparticles
journal, January 2013


Hot electron-driven photocatalysis and transient absorption spectroscopy in plasmon resonant grating structures
journal, January 2019


Mechanisms and Applications of Plasmon-Induced Charge Separation at TiO 2 Films Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles
journal, May 2005

  • Tian, Yang; Tatsuma, Tetsu
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja042192u

Correlating the Shape, Surface Plasmon Resonance, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Gold Nanorods
journal, May 2009

  • Guo, Hongyan; Ruan, Fangxiong; Lu, Linghui
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp9019427

Theoretical predictions for hot-carrier generation from surface plasmon decay
journal, December 2014

  • Sundararaman, Ravishankar; Narang, Prineha; Jermyn, Adam S.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6788

Plasmonic Hot-Carrier-Mediated Tunable Photochemical Reactions
journal, July 2018


Rhodium Nanoparticles for Ultraviolet Plasmonics
journal, January 2015

  • Watson, Anne M.; Zhang, Xiao; Alcaraz de la Osa, Rodrigo
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl5040623

Plasmon Dephasing in Gold Nanorods Studied Using Single-Nanoparticle Interferometric Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
journal, February 2016

  • Zhao, Tian; Jarrett, Jeremy W.; Johnson, Jeffrey S.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11008

Photocatalytic Activity Enhanced by Plasmonic Resonant Energy Transfer from Metal to Semiconductor
journal, August 2012

  • Cushing, Scott K.; Li, Jiangtian; Meng, Fanke
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja305603t

Controlling Reaction Selectivity over Hybrid Plasmonic Nanocatalysts
journal, October 2018


Influence of Excitation Wavelength (UV or Visible Light) on the Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Containing Gold Nanoparticles for the Generation of Hydrogen or Oxygen from Water
journal, January 2011

  • Gomes Silva, Cláudia; Juárez, Raquel; Marino, Tiziana
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja1086358

Interface-induced dephasing of Mie plasmon polaritons
journal, September 2008


Distinguishing Among All Possible Activation Mechanisms of a Plasmon-Driven Chemical Reaction
journal, July 2020


Origin of Plasmon Lineshape and Enhanced Hot Electron Generation in Metal Nanoparticles
journal, December 2017

  • You, Xinyuan; Ramakrishna, S.; Seideman, Tamar
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03126

Plasmon-Induced Hot Electron Transfer from the Au Tip to CdS Rod in CdS-Au Nanoheterostructures
journal, October 2013

  • Wu, Kaifeng; Rodríguez-Córdoba, William E.; Yang, Ye
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl402730m

Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Plasmon Electron Transfer Photochemistry and Single-Molecule Raman Spectroscopy
journal, December 2008

  • Brus, Louis
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 41, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar800121r

Distributed processes for biomass conversion could aid UN Sustainable Development Goals
journal, October 2018


C–C Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Gold Nanoparticles: Evidence for Substrate-Mediated Leaching of Surface Atoms Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy
journal, April 2019

  • Mohammadparast, Farshid; Dadgar, Andishaeh P.; Tirumala, Ravi Teja A.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12453

Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in Cu 2 O
journal, December 2001


Taking the Heat Off of Plasmonic Chemistry
journal, October 2019


Spectral Properties and Relaxation Dynamics of Surface Plasmon Electronic Oscillations in Gold and Silver Nanodots and Nanorods
journal, October 1999

  • Link, Stephan; El-Sayed, Mostafa A.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp9917648

Au/TiO 2 Superstructure-Based Plasmonic Photocatalysts Exhibiting Efficient Charge Separation and Unprecedented Activity
journal, December 2013

  • Bian, Zhenfeng; Tachikawa, Takashi; Zhang, Peng
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja410994f

Prediction of a low-temperature N 2 dissociation catalyst exploiting near-IR–to–visible light nanoplasmonics
journal, December 2017


Plasmon-enhanced photocurrent generation and water oxidation from visible to near-infrared wavelengths
journal, September 2013

  • Ueno, Kosei; Misawa, Hiroaki
  • NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1038/am.2013.42

Plasmon-induced hot carrier science and technology
journal, January 2015

  • Brongersma, Mark L.; Halas, Naomi J.; Nordlander, Peter
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.311

Unified theory of plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer and hot electron injection processes for enhanced photocurrent efficiency
journal, November 2018

  • You, Xinyuan; Ramakrishna, S.; Seideman, Tamar
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 149, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5050209

Hot Hole Photoelectrochemistry on Au@SiO 2 @Au Nanoparticles
journal, April 2017

  • Schlather, Andrea E.; Manjavacas, Alejandro; Lauchner, Adam
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00563

What’s so Hot about Electrons in Metal Nanoparticles?
journal, June 2017


Watching Visible Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction on a Plasmonic Nanoparticle Catalyst
journal, July 2018


Plasmon-Mediated Catalytic Oxidation of sec -Phenethyl and Benzyl Alcohols
journal, May 2011

  • Hallett-Tapley, Geniece L.; Silvero, M. Jazmín; González-Béjar, María
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp202769a

Mineralization of organic acids in aqueous suspensions of gold nanoparticles supported on cerium(iv) oxide powder under visible light irradiation
journal, January 2010

  • Kominami, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Atsuhiro; Hashimoto, Keiji
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 46, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1039/b919598j

Catalytic and Photocatalytic Transformations on Metal Nanoparticles with Targeted Geometric and Plasmonic Properties
journal, April 2013

  • Linic, Suljo; Christopher, Phillip; Xin, Hongliang
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 46, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar3002393

Hot Electrons Do the Impossible: Plasmon-Induced Dissociation of H 2 on Au
journal, December 2012

  • Mukherjee, Shaunak; Libisch, Florian; Large, Nicolas
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl303940z

Band Bending in Semiconductors: Chemical and Physical Consequences at Surfaces and Interfaces
journal, June 2012

  • Zhang, Zhen; Yates, John T.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr3000626

Visible light-induced water splitting in an aqueous suspension of a plasmonic Au/TiO 2 photocatalyst with metal co-catalysts
journal, January 2017

  • Tanaka, A.; Teramura, K.; Hosokawa, S.
  • Chemical Science, Vol. 8, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6SC05135A

Photoinduced Conversion of Silver Nanospheres to Nanoprisms
journal, November 2001


Plasmon Resonant Enhancement of Carbon Monoxide Catalysis
journal, April 2010

  • Hung, Wei Hsuan; Aykol, Mehmet; Valley, David
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl9041214

A Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Enhanced Photocatalysis
journal, October 2012

  • Hou, Wenbo; Cronin, Stephen B.
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 13, p. 1612-1619
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201202148

Heterometallic antenna−reactor complexes for photocatalysis
journal, July 2016

  • Swearer, Dayne F.; Zhao, Hangqi; Zhou, Linan
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609769113

Direct Photocatalytic Conversion of Aldehydes to Esters Using Supported Gold Nanoparticles under Visible Light Irradiation at Room Temperature
journal, August 2014

  • Zhang, Yulin; Xiao, Qi; Bao, Yongsheng
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp505552v

Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energy
journal, November 2011

  • Linic, Suljo; Christopher, Phillip; Ingram, David B.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat3151

Valorization of greenhouse carbon dioxide emissions into value-added products by catalytic processes
journal, December 2013