Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator

Arnquist, I. J.; Avignone, F. T.; Barabash, A. S.; Barton, C. J.; Bhimani, K. H.; Blalock, E.; Bos, B.; Busch, M.; Buuck, M.; Caldwell, T. S.; Chan, Y. -D.; Christofferson, C. D.; Chu, P. -H.; Clark, M. L.; Cuesta, C.; Detwiler, J. A.; Efremenko, Yu; Ejiri, H.; Elliott, S. R.; Giovanetti, G. K.; Green, M. P.; Gruszko, J.; Guinn, I. S.; Guiseppe, V. E.; Haufe, C. R.; Henning, R.; Hervas Aguilar, D.; Hoppe, E. W.; Hostiuc, A.; Kidd, M. F.; Kim, I.; Kouzes, R. T.; Lannen V., T. E.; Li, A.; López-Castaño, J. M.; Martin, E. L.; Martin, R. D.; Massarczyk, R.; Meijer, S. J.; Mertens, S.; Oli, T. K.; Othman, G.; Paudel, L. S.; Pettus, W.; Poon, A. P.; Radford, D. C.; Reine, A. L.; Rielage, K.; Ruof, N. W.; Schaper, D. C.; Tedeschi, D.; Varner, R. L.; Vasilyev, S.; Wilkerson, J. F.; Wiseman, C.; Xu, W.; Yu, C. -H.; Zhu, B. X.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.107.045503

Title: Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator

Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) high-purity germanium detectors are an important technology in astroparticle and nuclear physics due to their superb energy resolution, low noise, and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. Analysis of data from the Majorana Demonstrator, a neutrinoless double-β decay experiment deploying PPC detectors enriched in ⁷⁶Ge, has led to several novel improvements in the analysis of PPC signals. In this work we discuss charge trapping in PPC detectors and its effect on energy resolution. Small dislocations or impurities in the crystal lattice result in trapping of charge carriers from an ionization event of interest, attenuating the signal, and degrading the measured energy. We present a modified digital pole-zero correction to the signal energy estimation that counters the effects of charge trapping and improves the energy resolution of the Majorana Demonstrator by approximately 30 % to around 2.4 keV full width at half-maximum at 2039 keV, the ⁷⁶Ge Q value. An alternative approach achieving similar resolution enhancement is also presented.

Authors:

Arnquist, I. J. ^[1]; Avignone, F. T.;

; Barton, C. J.; Bhimani, K. H.;

; Bos, B.; Busch, M.; Buuck, M.; Caldwell, T. S.; Chan, Y. -D.; Christofferson, C. D.;

; Clark, M. L.;

;

; Efremenko, Yu; Ejiri, H.;

; Giovanetti, G. K. more »

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Majorana Collaboration. et al.

Publication Date:: Mon Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Research Org.:: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Contributing Org.:: Majorana Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1976078

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 2205217; OSTI ID: 2229052

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-191829
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; TRN: US2400038

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-97ER41041; FG02-97ER41033; AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; AC05-76RL0130; FG02-97ER41020; SC0012612; SC0014445; SC0018060; SC0022339; LANLEM77/LANLEM78; MRI-0923142; PHY-1003399; PHY-1102292; PHY-1206314; PHY-1614611; PHY-1812409; PHY-1812356; PHY-2111140; PHY-2209530

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 107; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; neutrinoless double beta decay; nuclear structure & decays; radiation detectors; solid-state detectors

Citation Formats


                    Arnquist, I. J., Avignone, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Hervas Aguilar, D., Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V., T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X. Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevc.107.045503.

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                    Arnquist, I. J., Avignone, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Hervas Aguilar, D., Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V., T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., & Zhu, B. X. Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.107.045503

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                    Arnquist, I. J., Avignone, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu, Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Hervas Aguilar, D., Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V., T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X. Mon .  
"Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.107.045503.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1976078.

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@article{osti_1976078,

  title        = {Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator},

  author       = {Arnquist, I. J. and Avignone, F. T. and Barabash, A. S. and Barton, C. J. and Bhimani, K. H. and Blalock, E. and Bos, B. and Busch, M. and Buuck, M. and Caldwell, T. S. and Chan, Y. -D. and Christofferson, C. D. and Chu, P. -H. and Clark, M. L. and Cuesta, C. and Detwiler, J. A. and Efremenko, Yu and Ejiri, H. and Elliott, S. R. and Giovanetti, G. K. and Green, M. P. and Gruszko, J. and Guinn, I. S. and Guiseppe, V. E. and Haufe, C. R. and Henning, R. and Hervas Aguilar, D. and Hoppe, E. W. and Hostiuc, A. and Kidd, M. F. and Kim, I. and Kouzes, R. T. and Lannen V., T. E. and Li, A. and López-Castaño, J. M. and Martin, E. L. and Martin, R. D. and Massarczyk, R. and Meijer, S. J. and Mertens, S. and Oli, T. K. and Othman, G. and Paudel, L. S. and Pettus, W. and Poon, A. P. and Radford, D. C. and Reine, A. L. and Rielage, K. and Ruof, N. W. and Schaper, D. C. and Tedeschi, D. and Varner, R. L. and Vasilyev, S. and Wilkerson, J. F. and Wiseman, C. and Xu, W. and Yu, C. -H. and Zhu, B. X.},

  abstractNote = {P-type point contact (PPC) high-purity germanium detectors are an important technology in astroparticle and nuclear physics due to their superb energy resolution, low noise, and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. Analysis of data from the Majorana Demonstrator, a neutrinoless double-β decay experiment deploying PPC detectors enriched in 76Ge, has led to several novel improvements in the analysis of PPC signals. In this work we discuss charge trapping in PPC detectors and its effect on energy resolution. Small dislocations or impurities in the crystal lattice result in trapping of charge carriers from an ionization event of interest, attenuating the signal, and degrading the measured energy. We present a modified digital pole-zero correction to the signal energy estimation that counters the effects of charge trapping and improves the energy resolution of the Majorana Demonstrator by approximately 30 % to around 2.4 keV full width at half-maximum at 2039 keV, the 76Ge Q value. An alternative approach achieving similar resolution enhancement is also presented.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevc.107.045503},

  journal      = {Physical Review. C},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 107,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Mon Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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Title: Charge trapping correction and energy performance of the Majorana Demonstrator

Abstract

Citation Formats

Determining the drift time of charge carriers in p-type point-contact HPGe detectors journal, June 2012

Neutrinoless double- β decay in SU(2)×U(1) theories journal, June 1982

Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator’s Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge76 journal, February 2023

Search for the Majorana Nature of Neutrinos in the Inverted Mass Ordering Region with KamLAND-Zen journal, January 2023

Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments book, January 1994

Main features of detectors and isotopes to investigate double beta decay with increased sensitivity journal, March 2018

The design of an ultra-low background thermosyphon for the Majorana Demonstrator journal, May 2013

Neutrinoless double beta decay and neutrino mass journal, November 2016

A novel HPGe detector for gamma-ray tracking and imaging journal, February 2011

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment journal, January 2014

Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset journal, October 2019

Currents to Conductors Induced by a Moving Point Charge journal, October 1938

Digital synthesis of pulse shapes in real time for high resolution radiation spectroscopy journal, June 1994

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Status and Prospects journal, October 2019

New Limits on Bosonic Dark Matter, Solar Axions, Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation, and Electron Decay from the Majorana Demonstrator journal, April 2017

ROOT — An object oriented data analysis framework journal, April 1997

Search for neutrinoless double- β decay in Ge 76 with 26 kg yr of exposure from the Majorana Demonstrator journal, August 2019

The processing of enriched germanium for the Majorana Demonstrator and R&D for a next generation double-beta decay experiment journal, January 2018

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: 2015 Review journal, January 2016

Final Results of GERDA on the Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay journal, December 2020

The Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics system journal, May 2022

Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge 76 with the Majorana Demonstrator journal, March 2018

The Majorana Demonstrator calibration system journal, November 2017

Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE journal, April 2022

The Search for Double Beta Decay With Germanium Detectors: Past, Present, and Future journal, February 2019

Charge-trap correction and radiation damage in orthogonal-strip planar germanium detectors journal, October 2014

Measurement and energy correction due to charge carrier lifetimes in large HPGe spectrometers journal, July 2009

Ionization Yield of Radiations. II. The Fluctuations of the Number of Ions journal, July 1947

Currents Induced by Electron Motion journal, September 1939

New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of Mo 100 from the CUPID-Mo Experiment journal, May 2021

Testing the inverted neutrino mass ordering with neutrinoless double- β decay journal, October 2021

Final Result of CUPID-0 Phase-I in the Search for the Se 82 Neutrinoless Double- β Decay journal, July 2019

The Sanford Underground Research Facility at Homestake journal, May 2015

nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 10 28 year half-life sensitivity journal, December 2021

Determining the drift time of charge carriers in p-type point-contact HPGe detectors
journal, June 2012

Neutrinoless double- $β$ decay in SU(2)×U(1) theories
journal, June 1982

Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator’s Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge76
journal, February 2023

Search for the Majorana Nature of Neutrinos in the Inverted Mass Ordering Region with KamLAND-Zen
journal, January 2023

Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments
book, January 1994

Main features of detectors and isotopes to investigate double beta decay with increased sensitivity
journal, March 2018

The design of an ultra-low background thermosyphon for the Majorana Demonstrator
journal, May 2013

Neutrinoless double beta decay and neutrino mass
journal, November 2016

A novel HPGe detector for gamma-ray tracking and imaging
journal, February 2011

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment
journal, January 2014

Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset
journal, October 2019

Currents to Conductors Induced by a Moving Point Charge
journal, October 1938

Digital synthesis of pulse shapes in real time for high resolution radiation spectroscopy
journal, June 1994

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Status and Prospects
journal, October 2019

New Limits on Bosonic Dark Matter, Solar Axions, Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation, and Electron Decay from the Majorana Demonstrator
journal, April 2017

ROOT — An object oriented data analysis framework
journal, April 1997

Search for neutrinoless double- β decay in Ge 76 with 26 kg yr of exposure from the Majorana Demonstrator
journal, August 2019

The processing of enriched germanium for the Majorana Demonstrator and R&D for a next generation double-beta decay experiment
journal, January 2018

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay: 2015 Review
journal, January 2016

Final Results of GERDA on the Search for Neutrinoless Double- $β$ Decay
journal, December 2020

The Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics system
journal, May 2022

Search for Neutrinoless Double- $β$ Decay in ${}^{76}{Ge}$ with the Majorana Demonstrator
journal, March 2018

The Majorana Demonstrator calibration system
journal, November 2017

Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE
journal, April 2022

The Search for Double Beta Decay With Germanium Detectors: Past, Present, and Future
journal, February 2019

Charge-trap correction and radiation damage in orthogonal-strip planar germanium detectors
journal, October 2014

Measurement and energy correction due to charge carrier lifetimes in large HPGe spectrometers
journal, July 2009

Ionization Yield of Radiations. II. The Fluctuations of the Number of Ions
journal, July 1947

Currents Induced by Electron Motion
journal, September 1939

New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{100}{Mo}$ from the CUPID-Mo Experiment
journal, May 2021

Testing the inverted neutrino mass ordering with neutrinoless double- $β$ decay
journal, October 2021

Final Result of CUPID-0 Phase-I in the Search for the ${}^{82}{Se}$ Neutrinoless Double- $β$ Decay
journal, July 2019

The Sanford Underground Research Facility at Homestake
journal, May 2015

nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 10 ²⁸ year half-life sensitivity
journal, December 2021