Quantification of storage required for preserving frequency security in wind‐integrated systems

Journal Article · 25 May 2023 · IET Renewable Power Generation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12765 · OSTI ID:1975435

Bera, Atri  ^[1]; Nguyen, Nga  ^[2]; Chalamala, Babu  ^[1]; Mitra, Joydeep  ^[3]

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1. Energy Storage Technology and Systems Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico USA
2. Electrical &, Computer Engineering University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
3. Electrical &, Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Abstract The penetration of wind power generation into the power grid has been accelerated in recent times due to the aggressive emission targets set by governments and other regulatory authorities. Although wind power has the advantage of being environment‐friendly, wind as a resource is intermittent in nature. In addition, wind power contributes little inertia to the system as most wind turbines are connected to the grid via power electronic converters. These negative aspects of wind power pose serious challenges to the frequency security of power systems as penetration increases. In this work, an approach is proposed where an energy storage system (ESS) is used to mitigate frequency security issues of wind‐integrated systems. ESSs are well equipped to supply virtual inertia to the grid due to their fast‐acting nature, thus replenishing some of the energy storage capability of displaced inertial generation. In this work, a probabilistic approach is proposed to estimate the amount of inertia required by a system to ensure frequency security. Reduction in total system inertia due to the displacement of conventional synchronous generation by wind power generation is considered in this approach, while also taking into account the loss of inertia due to forced outages of conventional units. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for implementing the probabilistic estimation of system inertia. An ESS is then sized appropriately, using the system swing equation, to compensate for the lost inertia. The uncertainty associated with wind energy is modeled into the framework using an autoregressive moving average technique. Effects of increasing the system peak load and changing the wind profile on the expected system inertia are studied to illustrate various factors that might affect system frequency security. The proposed method is validated using the IEEE 39‐bus test system.

• Research Organization: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)
• Grant/Contract Number: NA0003525
• OSTI ID: 1975435
• Report Number(s): SAND--2023-05047J
• Journal Information: IET Renewable Power Generation, Journal Name: IET Renewable Power Generation Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 17; ISSN 1752-1416
• Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)Copyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United Kingdom
• Language: English