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Title: Ultrafast carrier dynamics in terahertz photoconductors and photomixers: beyond short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors

Abstract

Efficient terahertz generation and detection are a key prerequisite for high performance terahertz systems. Major advancements in realizing efficient terahertz emitters and detectors were enabled through photonics-driven semiconductor devices, thanks to the extremely wide bandwidth available at optical frequencies. Through the efficient generation and ultrafast transport of charge carriers within a photo-absorbing semiconductor material, terahertz frequency components are created from the mixing products of the optical frequency components that drive the terahertz device – a process usually referred to as photomixing. The created terahertz frequency components, which are in the physical form of oscillating carrier concentrations, can feed a terahertz antenna and get radiated in case of a terahertz emitter, or mix with an incoming terahertz wave to down-convert to DC or to a low frequency photocurrent in case of a terahertz detector. Realizing terahertz photoconductors typically relies on short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors as the photo-absorbing material, where photocarriers are quickly trapped within one picosecond or less after generation, leading to ultrafast carrier dynamics that facilitates high-frequency device operation. However, while enabling broadband operation, a sub-picosecond lifetime of the photocarriers results in a substantial loss of photoconductive gain and optical responsivity. In addition, growth of short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors in many cases relies on themore » use of rare elements and non-standard processes with limited accessibility. Therefore, there is a strong motivation to explore and develop alternative techniques for realizing terahertz photomixers that do not rely on these defect-introduced short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. This review will provide an overview of several promising approaches to realize terahertz emitters and detectors without short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. These novel approaches utilize p-i-n diode junctions, plasmonic nanostructures, ultrafast spintronics, and low-dimensional materials to offer ultrafast carrier response. These innovative directions have great potentials for extending the applicability and accessibility of the terahertz spectrum for a wide range of applications.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology , Technical University Darmstadt , Darmstadt , Germany
  3. Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
  4. Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany, Department of Physical Chemistry , Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society , 14195 Berlin , Germany
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); German Research Foundation (DFG); European Union H2020
OSTI Identifier:
1969769
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1980998; OSTI ID: 2001455
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0016925; 681917; 863155
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Nanophotonics (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Nanophotonics (Online) Journal Volume: 11 Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2192-8614
Publisher:
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; terahertz detectors; terahertz emitters; ultrafast carrier dynamics

Citation Formats

Lu, Ping-Keng, Fernandez Olvera, Anuar de Jesus, Turan, Deniz, Seifert, Tom Sebastian, Yardimci, Nezih Tolga, Kampfrath, Tobias, Preu, Sascha, and Jarrahi, Mona. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in terahertz photoconductors and photomixers: beyond short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. Germany: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0785.
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Lu, Ping-Keng, Fernandez Olvera, Anuar de Jesus, Turan, Deniz, Seifert, Tom Sebastian, Yardimci, Nezih Tolga, Kampfrath, Tobias, Preu, Sascha, & Jarrahi, Mona. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in terahertz photoconductors and photomixers: beyond short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0785
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Lu, Ping-Keng, Fernandez Olvera, Anuar de Jesus, Turan, Deniz, Seifert, Tom Sebastian, Yardimci, Nezih Tolga, Kampfrath, Tobias, Preu, Sascha, and Jarrahi, Mona. Fri . "Ultrafast carrier dynamics in terahertz photoconductors and photomixers: beyond short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0785.
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@article{osti_1969769,
title = {Ultrafast carrier dynamics in terahertz photoconductors and photomixers: beyond short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors},
author = {Lu, Ping-Keng and Fernandez Olvera, Anuar de Jesus and Turan, Deniz and Seifert, Tom Sebastian and Yardimci, Nezih Tolga and Kampfrath, Tobias and Preu, Sascha and Jarrahi, Mona},
abstractNote = {Efficient terahertz generation and detection are a key prerequisite for high performance terahertz systems. Major advancements in realizing efficient terahertz emitters and detectors were enabled through photonics-driven semiconductor devices, thanks to the extremely wide bandwidth available at optical frequencies. Through the efficient generation and ultrafast transport of charge carriers within a photo-absorbing semiconductor material, terahertz frequency components are created from the mixing products of the optical frequency components that drive the terahertz device – a process usually referred to as photomixing. The created terahertz frequency components, which are in the physical form of oscillating carrier concentrations, can feed a terahertz antenna and get radiated in case of a terahertz emitter, or mix with an incoming terahertz wave to down-convert to DC or to a low frequency photocurrent in case of a terahertz detector. Realizing terahertz photoconductors typically relies on short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors as the photo-absorbing material, where photocarriers are quickly trapped within one picosecond or less after generation, leading to ultrafast carrier dynamics that facilitates high-frequency device operation. However, while enabling broadband operation, a sub-picosecond lifetime of the photocarriers results in a substantial loss of photoconductive gain and optical responsivity. In addition, growth of short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors in many cases relies on the use of rare elements and non-standard processes with limited accessibility. Therefore, there is a strong motivation to explore and develop alternative techniques for realizing terahertz photomixers that do not rely on these defect-introduced short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. This review will provide an overview of several promising approaches to realize terahertz emitters and detectors without short-carrier-lifetime semiconductors. These novel approaches utilize p-i-n diode junctions, plasmonic nanostructures, ultrafast spintronics, and low-dimensional materials to offer ultrafast carrier response. These innovative directions have great potentials for extending the applicability and accessibility of the terahertz spectrum for a wide range of applications.},
doi = {10.1515/nanoph-2021-0785},
journal = {Nanophotonics (Online)},
number = 11,
volume = 11,
place = {Germany},
year = {Fri Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Fri Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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Carrier dynamics in ion-implanted GaAs studied by simulation and observation of terahertz emission
journal, December 2004

Plasmon Enhanced Terahertz Emission from Single Layer Graphene
journal, August 2014

  • Bahk, Young-Mi; Ramakrishnan, Gopakumar; Choi, Jongho
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 9
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7.5% Optical-to-Terahertz Conversion Efficiency Offered by Photoconductive Emitters With Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Contact Electrodes
journal, September 2014

  • Yang, Shang-Hua; Hashemi, Mohammad R.; Berry, Christopher W.
  • IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2342505

Gas sensing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
journal, September 1998

  • Mittleman, D. M.; Jacobsen, R. H.; Neelamani, R.
  • Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, Vol. 67, Issue 3
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Next generation 15 µm terahertz antennas: 
mesa-structuring of 
InGaAs/InAlAs photoconductive layers
journal, January 2010

  • Roehle, H.; Dietz, R. J. B.; Hensel, H. J.
  • Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 3
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Leaf water dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana monitored in-vivo using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
journal, October 2013

  • Castro-Camus, E.; Palomar, M.; Covarrubias, A. A.
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1
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Broadband Terahertz Probes of Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Disentangle Extrinsic and Intrinsic Contributions
journal, May 2021

Electrical control of the valley Hall effect in bilayer MoS2 transistors
journal, January 2016

Experimental Comparison of UTC- and PIN-Photodiodes for Continuous-Wave Terahertz Generation
journal, December 2019

  • Nellen, S.; Ishibashi, T.; Deninger, A.
  • Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 41, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10762-019-00638-5

Narrow-band tunable terahertz detector in antiferromagnets via staggered-field and antidamping torques
journal, September 2018

Carrier dynamics in semiconductors studied with time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
journal, June 2011

Time-resolved ultrafast photocurrents and terahertz generation in freely suspended graphene
journal, January 2012

  • Prechtel, Leonhard; Song, Li; Schuh, Dieter
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1656

A High-Power Broadband Terahertz Source Enabled by Three-Dimensional Light Confinement in a Plasmonic Nanocavity
journal, June 2017

Terahertz time-domain-spectroscopy system based on femtosecond Yb:fiber laser and GaBiAs photoconducting components
journal, July 2010

  • Pačebutas, V.; Bičiūnas, A.; Balakauskas, S.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3458826

The Effects of Doping Density and Temperature on the Optoelectronic Properties of Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Thin Films
journal, September 2018

  • Milot, Rebecca L.; Klug, Matthew T.; Davies, Christopher L.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 44
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804506

The growth of biomedical terahertz research
journal, August 2014

Electronically-Controlled Beam-Steering through Vanadium Dioxide Metasurfaces
journal, October 2016

  • Hashemi, Mohammed Reza M.; Yang, Shang-Hua; Wang, Tongyu
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep35439

Impulsive terahertz radiation with high electric fields from an amplifier-driven large-area photoconductive antenna
journal, January 2010

A Unified Derivation of the Terahertz Spectra Generated by Photoconductors and Diodes
journal, August 2014

Orientation-dependent THz emission in non-collinear antiferromagnetic Mn 3 Sn and Mn 3 Sn-based heterostructures
journal, October 2019

  • Zhou, Xiaofeng; Song, Bangju; Chen, Xianzhe
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5121384

Magnetically and electrically polarization-tunable THz emitter with integrated ferromagnetic heterostructure and large-birefringence liquid crystal
journal, August 2018

  • Qiu, Hongsong; Wang, Lei; Shen, Zhixiong
  • Applied Physics Express, Vol. 11, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.7567/APEX.11.092101

Efficient metallic spintronic emitters of ultrabroadband terahertz radiation
journal, May 2016

Femtosecond formation dynamics of the spin Seebeck effect revealed by terahertz spectroscopy
journal, July 2018

Nanostructure-Enhanced Photoconductive Terahertz Emission and Detection
journal, August 2018

Continuous Wave Terahertz Generation from Photodiode-Based Emitters with up to 200 μ W Terahertz Power
conference, September 2018

  • Nellen, S.; Kohlhaas, R.; Liebermeister, L.
  • 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)
  • DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2018.8509858

Three-dimensional cross-nanowire networks recover full terahertz state
journal, April 2020

Powerful and Tunable THz Emitters Based on the Fe/Pt Magnetic Heterostructure
journal, August 2016

  • Yang, Dewang; Liang, Jianhui; Zhou, Chao
  • Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1002/adom.201600270

Intracavity terahertz generation inside a high-energy ultrafast soliton fiber laser
journal, December 2008

  • Matthäus, Gabor; Ortaç, Bülend; Limpert, Jens
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3056118

Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation
journal, February 2010

  • Schuller, Jon A.; Barnard, Edward S.; Cai, Wenshan
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2630

High power telecommunication-compatible photoconductive terahertz emitters based on plasmonic nano-antenna arrays
journal, November 2016

  • Yardimci, Nezih Tolga; Lu, Hong; Jarrahi, Mona
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4967440

Optical Gating of Black Phosphorus for Terahertz Detection
journal, August 2017

Electron depletion at InAs free surfaces: Doping-induced acceptorlike gap states
journal, May 2006

Antenna Integrated THz Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiodes
journal, March 2018

  • Renaud, Cyril C.; Natrella, Michele; Graham, Chris
  • IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 24, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2725444

Broadband Terahertz Generation via the Interface Inverse Rashba-Edelstein Effect
journal, August 2018

Cutting-edge terahertz technology
journal, February 2007

Sub-THz source integrated in industrial silicon Photonic technology targeting high data rate wireless applications
conference, January 2017

  • Lacombe, Elsa; Gianesello, Frederic; Durand, Cedric
  • 2017 IEEE 17th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF)
  • DOI: 10.1109/SIRF.2017.7874361

Picosecond photocarrier-lifetime in ErAs:InGaAs at 1.55 μm
journal, November 2003

  • Sukhotin, M.; Brown, E. R.; Driscoll, D.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1622121

Terahertz spin current pulses controlled by magnetic heterostructures
journal, March 2013

  • Kampfrath, T.; Battiato, M.; Maldonado, P.
  • Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.43

Terahertz time-gated spectral imaging for content extraction through layered structures
journal, September 2016

  • Redo-Sanchez, Albert; Heshmat, Barmak; Aghasi, Alireza
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12665

Single n + -i-n + InP nanowires for highly sensitive terahertz detection
journal, February 2017

Far out-of-equilibrium spin populations trigger giant spin injection into atomically thin MoS2
journal, January 2019

Spintronic terahertz-frequency nonlinear emitter based on the canted antiferromagnet-platinum bilayers
journal, June 2019

  • Stremoukhov, P.; Safin, A.; Logunov, M.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5090455

Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging
journal, June 2005

  • Shen, Y. C.; Lo, T.; Taday, P. F.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1946192

Generation and manipulation of chiral terahertz waves in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Te3
journal, October 2020

Imprinting the complex dielectric permittivity of liquids into the spintronic terahertz emission
journal, August 2021

  • Balos, Vasileios; Müller, Patrick; Jakob, Gerhard
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1063/5.0056909

Continuous-wave 1550 nm operated terahertz system using ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photo-conductors with 52 dB dynamic range at 1 THz
journal, November 2017

  • Olvera, A. D. J. Fernandez; Lu, H.; Gossard, A. C.
  • Optics Express, Vol. 25, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.029492

Impact of the Organic Cation on the Optoelectronic Properties of Formamidinium Lead Triiodide
journal, July 2018

  • Davies, Christopher L.; Borchert, Juliane; Xia, Chelsea Q.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01628

Imaging with terahertz waves
journal, January 1995

Efficient terahertz emission from ballistic transport enhanced n-i-p-n-i-p superlattice photomixers
journal, May 2007

  • Preu, S.; Renner, F. H.; Malzer, S.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2743400

High power terahertz generation using 1550 nm plasmonic photomixers
journal, July 2014

  • Berry, Christopher W.; Hashemi, Mohammad R.; Preu, Sascha
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4890102

Magnetic-field tailoring of the terahertz polarization emitted from a spintronic source
journal, January 2019

  • Hibberd, M. T.; Lake, D. S.; Johansson, N. A. B.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5055736

Efficient Terahertz Generation Using Fe/Pt Spintronic Emitters Pumped at Different Wavelengths
journal, November 2018

  • Papaioannou, Evangelos Th.; Torosyan, Garik; Keller, Sascha
  • IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 54, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2018.2847031

Layer thickness dependence of the terahertz emission based on spin current in ferromagnetic heterostructures
journal, May 2018

Photodiodes for Terahertz Applications
journal, March 2022

  • Seddon, James P.; Natrella, Michele; Lin, Xiaoli
  • IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 2: Optical Detectors
  • DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2021.3108954

Plasmon-enhanced terahertz emission from a semiconductor/metal interface
journal, February 2014

  • Ramakrishnan, Gopakumar; Kumar, Nishant; Ramanandan, Gopika K. P.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4865906

High spectral purity chip-scale tunable THz radiation source
conference, January 2021

Frequency‐Independent Terahertz Anomalous Hall Effect in DyCo 5 , Co 32 Fe 68 , and Gd 27 Fe 73 Thin Films from DC to 40 THz
journal, March 2021

  • Seifert, Tom S.; Martens, Ulrike; Radu, Florin
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007398

Enhanced terahertz detection via ErAs:GaAs nanoisland superlattices
journal, June 2006

  • O’Hara, John F.; Zide, J. M. O.; Gossard, A. C.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2216026

Terahertz generation with ballistic photodiodes under pulsed operation
journal, October 2018

  • Müller-Landau, C.; Malzer, S.; Weber, H. B.
  • Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 33, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6641/aae5e4

High Sensitivity Terahertz Detection through Large-Area Plasmonic Nano-Antenna Arrays
journal, February 2017

  • Yardimci, Nezih Tolga; Jarrahi, Mona
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep42667

1550-nm Driven ErAs:In(Al)GaAs Photoconductor-Based Terahertz Time Domain System with 6.5 THz Bandwidth
journal, February 2018

  • Nandi, U.; Norman, J. C.; Gossard, A. C.
  • Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 39, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s10762-018-0471-9

Optical and terahertz power limits in the low-temperature-grown GaAs photomixers
journal, November 1997

  • Verghese, S.; McIntosh, K. A.; Brown, E. R.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 19
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Spin Hall effects
journal, October 2015

  • Sinova, Jairo; Valenzuela, Sergio O.; Wunderlich, J.
  • Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.87.1213

Resonant Cavity Enhanced Ge Photodetectors for 1550 nm Operation on Reflecting Si Substrates
journal, July 2004

  • Dosunmu, O. I.; Cannon, D. D.; Emsley, M. K.
  • IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 10, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.833900

Efficient terahertz wave generation of diabolo-shaped Fe/Pt spintronic antennas driven by a 780 nm pump beam
journal, March 2021

  • Talara, Miezel; Bulgarevich, Dmitry S.; Tachioka, Chiyaka
  • Applied Physics Express, Vol. 14, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.35848/1882-0786/abeea0

Electronic properties of GaAs, InAs and InP nanowires studied by terahertz spectroscopy
journal, April 2013

Spin caloritronics
journal, April 2012

  • Bauer, Gerrit E. W.; Saitoh, Eiji; van Wees, Bart J.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat3301

Analyzing sub-100-μm samples with transmission terahertz time domain spectroscopy
journal, April 2009

Generation of mW Level in the 300-GHz Band Using Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Unitraveling Carrier Photodiodes
journal, November 2017

  • Latzel, Philipp; Pavanello, Fabio; Billet, Maximilien
  • IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2756059

Significant performance enhancement in photoconductive terahertz optoelectronics by incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes
journal, March 2013

  • Berry, C. W.; Wang, N.; Hashemi, M. R.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2638

Tunable, continuous-wave Terahertz photomixer sources and applications
journal, March 2011

  • Preu, S.; Döhler, G. H.; Malzer, S.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3552291

High electron mobility in strained GaAs nanowires
journal, November 2021

Barrier heights of real Schottky contacts explained by metal-induced gap states and lateral inhomogeneities
journal, January 1999

  • Mönch, Winfried
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 17, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1116/1.590839

Continuous wave generation up to 1.3 THz using antenna-coupled silicon-integrated Ge photodiodes
conference, September 2018

  • Offermans, Peter; Zhang, Lei; De Heyn, Peter
  • 2018 11th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT)
  • DOI: 10.1109/UCMMT45316.2018.9015779

Ultrabroadband single-cycle terahertz pulses with peak fields of 300 kV cm −1 from a metallic spintronic emitter
journal, June 2017

  • Seifert, T.; Jaiswal, S.; Sajadi, M.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4986755

Terahertz Magneto-Optic Sensor/Imager
journal, January 2020

New MBE buffer used to eliminate backgating in GaAs MESFETs
journal, February 1988

  • Smith, F. W.; Calawa, A. R.; Chen, C. -L.
  • IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1109/55.2046

637  μ W emitted terahertz power from photoconductive antennas based on rhodium doped InGaAs
journal, September 2020

  • Kohlhaas, R. B.; Breuer, S.; Liebermeister, L.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1063/5.0020766

Terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopy for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
journal, January 2004

  • Wallace, Vincent P.; Taday, Philip F.; Fitzgerald, Anthony J.
  • Faraday Discussions, Vol. 126
  • DOI: 10.1039/b309357n

Towards higher electron mobility in modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs core shell nanowires
journal, January 2017

  • Boland, Jessica L.; Tütüncüoglu, Gözde; Gong, Juliane Q.
  • Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7NR00680B

Terahertz photoconductive antenna with metal nanoislands
journal, January 2012

  • Park, Sang-Gil; Choi, Yongje; Oh, Young-Jae
  • Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.025530

Room-temperature heterodyne terahertz detection with quantum-level sensitivity
journal, July 2019

High-Mobility, Wet-Transferred Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
journal, July 2019

Nanoplasmonics enhanced terahertz sources
journal, January 2014

  • Jooshesh, Afshin; Smith, Levi; Masnadi-Shirazi, Mostafa
  • Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.027992
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