Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods

Attanayake, Supun B.; Chanda, Amit; Hulse, Thomas; Das, Raja; Phan, Manh-Huong; Srikanth, Hariharan

doi:10.3390/nano13081340

Title: Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods

Abstract

The inherent existence of multi phases in iron oxide nanostructures highlights the significance of them being investigated deliberately to understand and possibly control the phases. Here, the effects of annealing at 250 °C with a variable duration on the bulk magnetic and structural properties of high aspect ratio biphase iron oxide nanorods with ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 and antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 are explored. Increasing annealing time under a free flow of oxygen enhanced the α-Fe2O3 volume fraction and improved the crystallinity of the Fe3O4 phase, identified in changes in the magnetization as a function of annealing time. A critical annealing time of approximately 3 h maximized the presence of both phases, as observed via an enhancement in the magnetization and an interfacial pinning effect. This is attributed to disordered spins separating the magnetically distinct phases which tend to align with the application of a magnetic field at high temperatures. The increased antiferromagnetic phase can be distinguished due to the field-induced metamagnetic transitions observed in structures annealed for more than 3 h and was especially prominent in the 9 h annealed sample. Our controlled study in determining the changes in volume fractions with annealing time will enable precise control over phase tunability in ironmore »« less

Authors:

;

; Hulse, Thomas; Das, Raja; Phan, Manh-Huong; Srikanth, Hariharan

Publication Date:: Wed Apr 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1969576

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER46438

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Nanomaterials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Nanomaterials Journal Volume: 13 Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 2079-4991

Publisher:: MDPI AG

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Attanayake, Supun B., Chanda, Amit, Hulse, Thomas, Das, Raja, Phan, Manh-Huong, and Srikanth, Hariharan. Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods.  Switzerland: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.3390/nano13081340.

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                    Attanayake, Supun B., Chanda, Amit, Hulse, Thomas, Das, Raja, Phan, Manh-Huong, & Srikanth, Hariharan. Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods.  Switzerland.  https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13081340

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                    Attanayake, Supun B., Chanda, Amit, Hulse, Thomas, Das, Raja, Phan, Manh-Huong, and Srikanth, Hariharan. Wed .  
"Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods".  Switzerland.  https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13081340.

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@article{osti_1969576,

  title        = {Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods},

  author       = {Attanayake, Supun B. and Chanda, Amit and Hulse, Thomas and Das, Raja and Phan, Manh-Huong and Srikanth, Hariharan},

  abstractNote = {The inherent existence of multi phases in iron oxide nanostructures highlights the significance of them being investigated deliberately to understand and possibly control the phases. Here, the effects of annealing at 250 °C with a variable duration on the bulk magnetic and structural properties of high aspect ratio biphase iron oxide nanorods with ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 and antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 are explored. Increasing annealing time under a free flow of oxygen enhanced the α-Fe2O3 volume fraction and improved the crystallinity of the Fe3O4 phase, identified in changes in the magnetization as a function of annealing time. A critical annealing time of approximately 3 h maximized the presence of both phases, as observed via an enhancement in the magnetization and an interfacial pinning effect. This is attributed to disordered spins separating the magnetically distinct phases which tend to align with the application of a magnetic field at high temperatures. The increased antiferromagnetic phase can be distinguished due to the field-induced metamagnetic transitions observed in structures annealed for more than 3 h and was especially prominent in the 9 h annealed sample. Our controlled study in determining the changes in volume fractions with annealing time will enable precise control over phase tunability in iron oxide nanorods, allowing custom-made phase volume fractions in different applications ranging from spintronics to biomedical applications.},

  doi          = {10.3390/nano13081340},

  journal      = {Nanomaterials},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 13,

  place        = {Switzerland},

  year         = {Wed Apr 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023},

  month        = {Wed Apr 12 00:00:00 EDT 2023}

}

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Title: Competing Magnetic Interactions and Field-Induced Metamagnetic Transition in Highly Crystalline Phase-Tunable Iron Oxide Nanorods

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The Verwey transition - a topical review journal, March 2002

Mechanism and kinetics of magnetite oxidation under hydrothermal conditions journal, January 2019

Controllable exchange bias in Fe/metamagnetic FeRh bilayers journal, October 2014

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Functionalization Strategies journal, October 2008

Determination of the blocking temperature of magnetic nanoparticles: The good, the bad, and the ugly journal, November 2015

Direct Laser Writing of Magneto-Photonic Sub-Microstructures for Prospective Applications in Biomedical Engineering journal, May 2017

Magnetism and spin-dependent transport phenomena across Verwey and Morin transitions in iron oxide/Pt bilayers journal, February 2023

Suppression of the Verwey Transition by Charge Trapping journal, February 2018

Spin Seebeck Effect in Iron Oxide Thin Films: Effects of Phase Transition, Phase Coexistence, And Surface Magnetism journal, March 2022

Magnetically tunable organic semiconductors with superparamagnetic nanoparticles journal, January 2019

A Review on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications journal, August 2018

Exchange Bias, Memory and Freezing Effects in NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles journal, October 2010

Anisotropic magnetoresistance and nontrivial spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt / α − F e 2 O 3 bilayers journal, December 2019

Experimental and theoretical studies of nanoparticles of antiferromagnetic materials journal, May 2007

Catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles journal, August 2007

Effects of annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of highly crystalline biphase iron oxide nanorods journal, February 2023

Clinical applications of magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia journal, January 2008

The Iron Oxides book, July 2003

Enhanced Magnetism and Anomalous Hall Transport through Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide Interfaces journal, February 2023

Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Oncology journal, October 2021

On the detection of surface spin freezing in iron oxide nanoparticles and its long-term evolution under ambient oxidation journal, November 2020

Origin and Shell-Driven Optimization of the Heating Power in Core/Shell Bimagnetic Nanoparticles journal, January 2020

Nanoparticles in Energy Technology: Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis journal, March 2005

A Facile Synthetic Route for the Preparation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanorods and Nanorices with Tunable Surface Functionality journal, May 2008

Solvothermal Synthesis of Tunable Electroactive Magnetite Nanorods by Controlling the Side Reaction journal, February 2012

Metamagnetic transitions in Y0.5Er0.5Fe2D4.2 deuteride studied by high magnetic field and neutron diffraction experiments journal, May 2019

Low temperature FMR investigations on double surfactant water based ferrofluid journal, January 2015

Predicting a major role of surface spins in the magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles journal, May 2009

Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in ultra-low damping single crystals of the antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3 journal, December 2020

Tuning exchange bias in Fe/γ-Fe 2 O 3 core-shell nanoparticles: Impacts of interface and surface spins journal, February 2014

Morin transition temperature in (0001)-oriented α-Fe 2 O 3 thin film and effect of Ir doping journal, May 2015

Heusler nanoparticles for spintronics and ferromagnetic shape memory alloys journal, March 2014

Nano-electronics and spintronics with nanoparticles journal, April 2011

Magnetic Properties of Cluster Glassy Ni/NiO Core–Shell Nanoparticles: an Investigation of Their Static and Dynamic Magnetization journal, May 2015

Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus journal, March 1930

Epitaxial magnetite nanorods with enhanced room temperature magnetic anisotropy journal, January 2017

Spin-glass-like freezing of inner and outer surface layers in hollow γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles journal, October 2015

Changes in remanence, coercivity and domain state at low temperature in magnetite journal, January 2002

Low-temperature magnetic behavior of titanomagnetites journal, April 1998

Evidence for a single-stage Verwey-transition in perfect magnetite journal, November 1991

Hybrid magnetic nanoparticles as efficient nanoheaters in biomedical applications journal, January 2021

Coercivity and Exchange Bias in Ti-Doped Maghemite Nanoparticles journal, November 2022

Tunable High Aspect Ratio Iron Oxide Nanorods for Enhanced Hyperthermia journal, April 2016

Room-Temperature Coercivity of Ni/NiO Core/Shell Nanoparticles Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition journal, January 2010

On the distribution of Verwey transition temperatures in natural magnetites journal, October 2020

Tunable competing magnetic anisotropies and spin reconfigurations in ferrimagnetic Fe100−xGdx alloy films journal, September 2021

Enhanced coercivity of exchange-bias Fe/MnPd bilayers journal, August 1999

Emergent magnetic properties of biphase iron oxide nanorods journal, March 2022

Shape- and field-dependent Morin transitions in structured α-Fe2O3 journal, September 2009

Photopolymerization-based synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle embedded PNIPAM nanogels for biomedical applications journal, January 2017

Low temperature ferromagnetic properties, magnetic field induced spin order and random spin freezing effect in Ni1.5Fe1.5O4 ferrite; prepared at different pH values and annealing temperatures journal, August 2018

Superparamagnetism and metamagnetic transition in Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation method at different pH journal, September 2015

Emergent magnetism and exchange bias effect in iron oxide nanocubes with tunable phase and size journal, October 2022

Surface Spin Disorder in NiFe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles journal, July 1996

Size-dependent structure and magnetic properties of DyMnO 3 nanoparticles journal, September 2014

Surface Effects on Morin Transition, Exchange Bias, and Enchanced Spin Reorientation in Chemically Synthesized DyFeO3 Nanoparticles journal, January 2011

Stabilization and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications journal, January 2011

On a generalised approach to first and second order magnetic transitions journal, September 1964

Superparamagnetism journal, April 1959

Beating Thermal Deterioration of Magnetization with Mn4C and Exchange Bias in Mn–C Nanoparticles journal, December 2018

Effect of the phase composition of iron oxide nanorods on SO2 gas sensing performance journal, February 2021

Magnetic Properties of Small Magnetite Nanocrystals journal, October 2013

Electronic conductivity and transition point of magnetite (“Fe3O4”) journal, November 1941

Iron oxide nanorods as high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents journal, January 2015

Magnetic Anisotropy in Antiferromagnetic Corundum-Type Sesquioxides journal, May 1965

Unlocking the Potential of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents journal, August 2019

Domain state exchange bias in a single layer FeRh thin film formed via low energy ion implantation journal, January 2023

Rechargeable battery using a novel iron oxide nanorods anode and a nickel hydroxide cathode in an aqueous electrolyte journal, January 2011

Effect of atomic steps on the interfacial interaction of Fe Mn ∕ Co films grown on vicinal Cu(001) journal, August 2007

Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption in Magnetite Single Crystals journal, May 1950

Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery journal, August 2011

Volume dependence of the first-order transition temperature for RCo2compounds journal, August 1982

Electronic Conduction of Magnetite (Fe3O4) and its Transition Point at Low Temperatures journal, August 1939

The Verwey transition - a topical review
journal, March 2002

Mechanism and kinetics of magnetite oxidation under hydrothermal conditions
journal, January 2019

Controllable exchange bias in Fe/metamagnetic FeRh bilayers
journal, October 2014

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Functionalization Strategies
journal, October 2008

Determination of the blocking temperature of magnetic nanoparticles: The good, the bad, and the ugly
journal, November 2015

Direct Laser Writing of Magneto-Photonic Sub-Microstructures for Prospective Applications in Biomedical Engineering
journal, May 2017

Magnetism and spin-dependent transport phenomena across Verwey and Morin transitions in iron oxide/Pt bilayers
journal, February 2023

Suppression of the Verwey Transition by Charge Trapping
journal, February 2018

Spin Seebeck Effect in Iron Oxide Thin Films: Effects of Phase Transition, Phase Coexistence, And Surface Magnetism
journal, March 2022

Magnetically tunable organic semiconductors with superparamagnetic nanoparticles
journal, January 2019

A Review on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications
journal, August 2018

Exchange Bias, Memory and Freezing Effects in NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles
journal, October 2010

Anisotropic magnetoresistance and nontrivial spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt / α − F e 2 O 3 bilayers
journal, December 2019

Experimental and theoretical studies of nanoparticles of antiferromagnetic materials
journal, May 2007

Catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles
journal, August 2007

Effects of annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of highly crystalline biphase iron oxide nanorods
journal, February 2023

Clinical applications of magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia
journal, January 2008

The Iron Oxides
book, July 2003

Enhanced Magnetism and Anomalous Hall Transport through Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide Interfaces
journal, February 2023

Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Oncology
journal, October 2021

On the detection of surface spin freezing in iron oxide nanoparticles and its long-term evolution under ambient oxidation
journal, November 2020

Origin and Shell-Driven Optimization of the Heating Power in Core/Shell Bimagnetic Nanoparticles
journal, January 2020

Nanoparticles in Energy Technology: Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis
journal, March 2005

A Facile Synthetic Route for the Preparation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanorods and Nanorices with Tunable Surface Functionality
journal, May 2008

Solvothermal Synthesis of Tunable Electroactive Magnetite Nanorods by Controlling the Side Reaction
journal, February 2012

Metamagnetic transitions in Y0.5Er0.5Fe2D4.2 deuteride studied by high magnetic field and neutron diffraction experiments
journal, May 2019

Low temperature FMR investigations on double surfactant water based ferrofluid
journal, January 2015

Predicting a major role of surface spins in the magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles
journal, May 2009

Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in ultra-low damping single crystals of the antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3
journal, December 2020

Tuning exchange bias in Fe/γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ core-shell nanoparticles: Impacts of interface and surface spins
journal, February 2014

Morin transition temperature in (0001)-oriented α-Fe ₂ O ₃ thin film and effect of Ir doping
journal, May 2015

Heusler nanoparticles for spintronics and ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
journal, March 2014

Nano-electronics and spintronics with nanoparticles
journal, April 2011

Magnetic Properties of Cluster Glassy Ni/NiO Core–Shell Nanoparticles: an Investigation of Their Static and Dynamic Magnetization
journal, May 2015

Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus
journal, March 1930

Epitaxial magnetite nanorods with enhanced room temperature magnetic anisotropy
journal, January 2017

Spin-glass-like freezing of inner and outer surface layers in hollow γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles
journal, October 2015

Changes in remanence, coercivity and domain state at low temperature in magnetite
journal, January 2002

Low-temperature magnetic behavior of titanomagnetites
journal, April 1998

Evidence for a single-stage Verwey-transition in perfect magnetite
journal, November 1991

Hybrid magnetic nanoparticles as efficient nanoheaters in biomedical applications
journal, January 2021

Coercivity and Exchange Bias in Ti-Doped Maghemite Nanoparticles
journal, November 2022

Tunable High Aspect Ratio Iron Oxide Nanorods for Enhanced Hyperthermia
journal, April 2016

Room-Temperature Coercivity of Ni/NiO Core/Shell Nanoparticles Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition
journal, January 2010

On the distribution of Verwey transition temperatures in natural magnetites
journal, October 2020

Tunable competing magnetic anisotropies and spin reconfigurations in ferrimagnetic Fe100−xGdx alloy films
journal, September 2021

Enhanced coercivity of exchange-bias Fe/MnPd bilayers
journal, August 1999

Emergent magnetic properties of biphase iron oxide nanorods
journal, March 2022

Shape- and field-dependent Morin transitions in structured α-Fe2O3
journal, September 2009

Photopolymerization-based synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle embedded PNIPAM nanogels for biomedical applications
journal, January 2017

Low temperature ferromagnetic properties, magnetic field induced spin order and random spin freezing effect in Ni1.5Fe1.5O4 ferrite; prepared at different pH values and annealing temperatures
journal, August 2018

Superparamagnetism and metamagnetic transition in Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation method at different pH
journal, September 2015

Emergent magnetism and exchange bias effect in iron oxide nanocubes with tunable phase and size
journal, October 2022

Surface Spin Disorder in ${NiFe}_{2} O_{4}$ Nanoparticles
journal, July 1996

Size-dependent structure and magnetic properties of DyMnO ₃ nanoparticles
journal, September 2014

Surface Effects on Morin Transition, Exchange Bias, and Enchanced Spin Reorientation in Chemically Synthesized DyFeO₃ Nanoparticles
journal, January 2011

Stabilization and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
journal, January 2011

On a generalised approach to first and second order magnetic transitions
journal, September 1964

Superparamagnetism
journal, April 1959

Beating Thermal Deterioration of Magnetization with Mn4C and Exchange Bias in Mn–C Nanoparticles
journal, December 2018

Effect of the phase composition of iron oxide nanorods on SO2 gas sensing performance
journal, February 2021

Magnetic Properties of Small Magnetite Nanocrystals
journal, October 2013

Electronic conductivity and transition point of magnetite (“Fe3O4”)
journal, November 1941

Iron oxide nanorods as high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
journal, January 2015

Magnetic Anisotropy in Antiferromagnetic Corundum-Type Sesquioxides
journal, May 1965

Unlocking the Potential of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents
journal, August 2019

Domain state exchange bias in a single layer FeRh thin film formed via low energy ion implantation
journal, January 2023

Rechargeable battery using a novel iron oxide nanorods anode and a nickel hydroxide cathode in an aqueous electrolyte
journal, January 2011

Effect of atomic steps on the interfacial interaction of $Fe Mn ∕ Co$ films grown on vicinal Cu(001)
journal, August 2007

Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption in Magnetite Single Crystals
journal, May 1950

Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery
journal, August 2011

Volume dependence of the first-order transition temperature for RCo₂compounds
journal, August 1982

Electronic Conduction of Magnetite (Fe3O4) and its Transition Point at Low Temperatures
journal, August 1939