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Title: Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles

Abstract

Here, we demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within 3 μs with a success probability of $$F_p$$ = 0.93 ± 0.02, rotate it, and read out its state in 6 μs with a single-shot fidelity of $$F_d$$ = 0.92 ± 0.04. The ensemble-assisted detection is 103 times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of 15 μs, much longer than the π rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (Germany); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  4. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); National Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers (United States). Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); US Army Research Laboratory (USARL); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Boeing
OSTI Identifier:
1963892
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 127; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Citation Formats

Xu, Wenchao, Venkatramani, Aditya V., Cantú, Sergio H., Šumarac, Tamara, Klüsener, Valentin, Lukin, Mikhail D., and Vuletić, Vladan. Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501.
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Xu, Wenchao, Venkatramani, Aditya V., Cantú, Sergio H., Šumarac, Tamara, Klüsener, Valentin, Lukin, Mikhail D., & Vuletić, Vladan. Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501
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Xu, Wenchao, Venkatramani, Aditya V., Cantú, Sergio H., Šumarac, Tamara, Klüsener, Valentin, Lukin, Mikhail D., and Vuletić, Vladan. Tue . "Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1963892.
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@article{osti_1963892,
title = {Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles},
author = {Xu, Wenchao and Venkatramani, Aditya V. and Cantú, Sergio H. and Šumarac, Tamara and Klüsener, Valentin and Lukin, Mikhail D. and Vuletić, Vladan},
abstractNote = {Here, we demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within 3 μs with a success probability of $F_p$ = 0.93 ± 0.02, rotate it, and read out its state in 6 μs with a single-shot fidelity of $F_d$ = 0.92 ± 0.04. The ensemble-assisted detection is 103 times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of 15 μs, much longer than the π rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 5,
volume = 127,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Tue Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Fast collective detector of a single Rydberg atom. a. State initialization. An atom is prepared in the Rydberg state |r′$\rangle$ through a three-photon process involving the preparation beam (Ωp, orange), the control beam (Ωc, blue), and a microwave field (ΩMW, grey). The detunings from the two intermediate statesmore » are ∆e = δr = 2π × 100 MHz. The preparation of a single atom in |r′〉 is ensured by the strong interaction between two atoms in |r′$\rangle$. b. A probe field (orange, waist size wp = 4.5 µm) in combination with the control field (wc = 12.5 µm) couples atoms to the Rydberg state |r′$\rangle$. Under conditions of EIT (∆e = δr = 0), high transmission through the atomic medium results in a large number of detected photons (left). On the other hand, if the Rydberg state |r′$\rangle$ is populated by an atom (right), then the strong interaction between |r$\rangle$ and |r′$\rangle$ removes the EIT condition, resulting in a significant reduction of transmitted photon number due to absorption by the ensemble. The interaction Vrr′ contains both dipolar-exchange (Vex) and van-der-Waals components (VvdW) (see SM).« less
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