Title: Three‐Dimensional Broadband Interferometric Mapping and Polarization (BIMAP‐3D) Observations of Lightning Discharge Processes

Abstract

Abstract Following on our earlier single‐station, 2‐dimensional (2D) broadband interferometric mapping and polarization (BIMAP) observations of lightning discharges, we recently deployed two BIMAP stations at Los Alamos National Laboratory to map the lightning sources and their polarization in full 3‐dimensional (3D) space (BIMAP‐3D). The two stations are separated by 11.5‐km and each station consists of four antenna sets (instead of three for the original BIMAP) that form a Y ‐shaped array for improved interferometric performance. In this paper, we report the BIMAP‐3D system design, a generalized and analytical 2D interferometry technique for noncoplanar antenna array, a two‐stage 3D mapping technique based on geometric triangulation and baseline‐based differential time of arrival, and a technique to reconstruct the polarization orientation in 3D space by combining the 2D polarization results from the two‐station observations. Along with description of the techniques, we demonstrate and discuss the initial lightning results, including 3D maps for a hybrid intracloud and cloud‐to‐ground flash and for a normal intracloud flash, development of abnormal K‐change leaders, and polarization signatures for a K‐change leader. We find that with the two‐stage 3D mapping techniques, the sources can be located to meters accuracy for a favorable event that occurs between the two stations.more » We also find the polarization vectors for the example K leader are mostly orthogonal to the leader channel after the full 3D polarization analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to report the BIMAP‐3D techniques and capabilities. Detailed analysis of more specific discharge processes will be reported in later studies.« less

Authors:

Shao, Xuan‐Min  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Shao, Xuan‐Min"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-6159-7918"

Jensen, Daniel  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Jensen, Daniel"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-0324-0168"

Ho, Cheng ^[1]; Graham, Paul ^[1]; Haynes, William ^[1]; Caffrey, Michael ^[1]; Raby, Eric ^[1]; Meierbachtol, Collin ^[1]; Hemsing, David ^[1]; Sonnenfeld, Richard  ^[3]

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Sonnenfeld, Richard"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-0364-850X"

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
2. Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA
3. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA

Publication Date:

Wed Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2023

Research Org.:

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:

1926783

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1926786; OSTI ID: 1970290

Report Number(s):

LA-UR-22-30178
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X; e2022JD037955

Grant/Contract Number:  

89233218CNA000001

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Volume: 128 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES